Android中ContentProvider詳解

在 Android中，對於數據的存貯，有幾種方式，有文件方式，有文件式數據庫方式,網絡數據,Android自帶了一個SQLite數據庫，做嵌入開發的人對這個跨平臺的本地文件數據庫一定不會陌生，在Android對於數據的訪問，提出了新的方式，ContentProvider方式，我們首先來看看SQLite在 Android中的使用，在Android中有最簡單的使用方式，就是利Context對象的openorCreateDatabase
我們來看看一段代碼：

Java代碼

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class DBActivity extends Activity {
private SQLiteDatabase mdb = null;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
initDatabase();
setContentView(R.layout.main);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
menu.add(1, Menu.FIRST +1, 1, "GetName");
menu.add(1, Menu.FIRST +2, 2, "Test");
return true;
}
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
switch (item.getItemId())
{
case Menu.FIRST+ 1:
{
TextView tv = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.view_main);
tv.setText(this.getName());
break;
}
case Menu.FIRST + 2:
{
this.setTitle("Del Item...");
break;
}
}
return true;
}
private void initDatabase()
{
mdb = this.openOrCreateDatabase("dbfile", 0, null);
String sql_create = "create table test (id int, name TEXT)";
mdb.execSQL(sql_create);
String sql_insert = "insert into test(id, name) values(3, 'name3')";
mdb.execSQL(sql_insert);
}
private String getName()
{
String name = null;
Cursor cur = mdb.rawQuery("select * from test", null);
cur.moveToFirst();
while (!cur.isLast())
{
name = name + cur.getString(1)+ "\r\n";
cur.moveToNext();
}
return name;
}
}


import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class DBActivity extends Activity {
 private SQLiteDatabase mdb = null;
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        initDatabase();
        setContentView(R.layout.main);        
    }
    @Override
 public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);   
  menu.add(1, Menu.FIRST +1, 1, "GetName");  
  menu.add(1, Menu.FIRST +2, 2, "Test");   
  return true;  
 }
    
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
  switch (item.getItemId())
  {
   case Menu.FIRST+ 1:
   {
    TextView tv = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.view_main);
    tv.setText(this.getName());
    break;
   }
   case Menu.FIRST + 2:
   {
    this.setTitle("Del Item...");
    break;
   }   
  }
  return true;
 }
    
    private void initDatabase()
    {
     mdb = this.openOrCreateDatabase("dbfile", 0, null);
     String sql_create = "create table test (id int, name TEXT)";
     mdb.execSQL(sql_create);
     String sql_insert = "insert into test(id, name) values(3, 'name3')";
     mdb.execSQL(sql_insert);
    }
    private String getName()
    {
     String name = null;
     
     Cursor cur = mdb.rawQuery("select * from test", null);
     cur.moveToFirst();
     while (!cur.isLast())
     {
      name = name  + cur.getString(1)+ "\r\n";
      cur.moveToNext();
     }
     return name;
    }
}

我們再來看看單獨使用SQLiteOpenHelper方式：
先由SQLiteOpenHelper繼承一個數據庫操作類，其中onCreate, onUpgrade必須重載並實現，

Java代碼

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public DatabaseHelper(Context ct,String dbName)
{
super(ct,dbName,null,1);
}
public boolean insert(String insert)
{
this.getWritableDatabase().execSQL(insert);
return true;
}
public boolean update(String update)
{
this.getWritableDatabase().execSQL(update);
return true;
}
public boolean delete(String del)
{
this.getWritableDatabase().execSQL(del);
return true;
}
public Cursor query(String query)
{
Cursor cur = this.getReadableDatabase().rawQuery(query, null);
return cur;
}
}


import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
 @Override
 public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
 }
 @Override
 public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
 }
 public DatabaseHelper(Context ct,String dbName)
 { 
  super(ct,dbName,null,1);  
 } 
 public boolean insert(String insert)
 {
  this.getWritableDatabase().execSQL(insert);
  return true;
 }
 public boolean update(String update)
 {
  this.getWritableDatabase().execSQL(update);
  return true;
 }
 public boolean delete(String del)
 {
  this.getWritableDatabase().execSQL(del);
  return true;
 }
 public Cursor query(String query)
 {
  Cursor cur = this.getReadableDatabase().rawQuery(query, null);
  return cur;
 }
}

再創建一個使用者（消費者）

Java代碼

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class DBActivity extends Activity {
private SQLiteDatabase mdb = null;
private DatabaseHelper helper = null;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
initDatabase();
setContentView(R.layout.main);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
menu.add(1, Menu.FIRST +1, 1, "GetName");
menu.add(1, Menu.FIRST +2, 2, "Test");
return true;
}
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
switch (item.getItemId())
{
case Menu.FIRST+ 1:
{
TextView tv = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.view_main);
tv.setText(this.getName());
break;
}
case Menu.FIRST + 2:
{
this.setTitle("Del Item...");
break;
}
}
return true;
}
private void initDatabase()
{
helper = new DatabaseHelper(this,"dbfile");
//mdb = this.openOrCreateDatabase("dbfile", 0, null);
//String sql_create = "create table test (id int, name TEXT)";
//mdb.execSQL(sql_create);
String sql_insert = "insert into test(id, name) values(55, 'namexx')";
//mdb.execSQL(sql_insert);
helper.insert(sql_insert);
}
private String getName()
{
String name = null;
//mdb = helper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor cur = helper.query("select * from test");
cur.moveToFirst();
do
{
name = name + cur.getString(1)+ "\n";
} while(cur.moveToNext());
return name;
}
}


import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class DBActivity extends Activity {
 private SQLiteDatabase mdb = null;
 private DatabaseHelper helper = null;
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        initDatabase();
        setContentView(R.layout.main);        
    }
    @Override
 public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);   
  menu.add(1, Menu.FIRST +1, 1, "GetName");  
  menu.add(1, Menu.FIRST +2, 2, "Test");   
  return true;  
 }
    
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
  switch (item.getItemId())
  {
   case Menu.FIRST+ 1:
   {
    TextView tv = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.view_main);
    tv.setText(this.getName());
    break;
   }
   case Menu.FIRST + 2:
   {
    this.setTitle("Del Item...");
    break;
   }   
  }
  return true;
 }
    
    private void initDatabase()
    {
     helper = new DatabaseHelper(this,"dbfile");
     //mdb = this.openOrCreateDatabase("dbfile", 0, null);
     //String sql_create = "create table test (id int, name TEXT)";
     //mdb.execSQL(sql_create);
     String sql_insert = "insert into test(id, name) values(55, 'namexx')";
     //mdb.execSQL(sql_insert);
     helper.insert(sql_insert);
    }
    private String getName()
    {
     String name = null;  
     //mdb = helper.getReadableDatabase();
     Cursor cur = helper.query("select * from test");
     cur.moveToFirst();
     do
     {
      name = name  + cur.getString(1)+ "\n";      
      
     } while(cur.moveToNext());      
     
     return name;
    }
}

在來看看使用ContentProvider

Java代碼

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class TestProvider extends ContentProvider {
private DatabaseHelper mdbHelper = null;
final static String TABLE_NAME = "test";
@Override
public int delete(Uri arg0, String arg1, String[] arg2) {
mdbHelper.getWritableDatabase().delete(TABLE_NAME, arg1, arg2);
return 0;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mdbHelper.getWritableDatabase().insert(TABLE_NAME, "", values);
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mdbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(this.getContext(), "dbfile");
return true;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
Cursor cur = mdbHelper.getReadableDatabase().query(TABLE_NAME,projection,selection,null,null,null, null);
Toast.makeText(this.getContext(), "test Cur!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
return cur;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
mdbHelper.getWritableDatabase().update(TABLE_NAME, values, selection, null);
return 0;
}
}


import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class TestProvider extends ContentProvider {
    private DatabaseHelper mdbHelper = null;
    final static String TABLE_NAME = "test";
 @Override
 public int delete(Uri arg0, String arg1, String[] arg2) {
  mdbHelper.getWritableDatabase().delete(TABLE_NAME, arg1, arg2);
  return 0;
 }

 @Override
 public String getType(Uri uri) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  return null;
 }

 @Override
 public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  mdbHelper.getWritableDatabase().insert(TABLE_NAME, "", values);
  return null;
 }

 @Override
 public boolean onCreate() {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  mdbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(this.getContext(), "dbfile");
  return true;
 }

 @Override
 public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
   String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
  Cursor cur = mdbHelper.getReadableDatabase().query(TABLE_NAME,projection,selection,null,null,null, null);
  Toast.makeText(this.getContext(), "test Cur!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
  return cur;
 }

 @Override
 public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
   String[] selectionArgs) {
  mdbHelper.getWritableDatabase().update(TABLE_NAME, values, selection, null);
  return 0;
 }

}

老規矩,AndroidManifest.xml來定義這個Provider
<provider android:label="test_provider" android:authorities="com.my.provider" android:name="TestProvider">
</provider>
這裏的android:authorities = "com.my.provider"是標識這個ContentProvider，調用者可以根據這個標識來找到它，
我們組合一個能找到它的Uri,
public class ProviderConst {
public static final Uri MY_TEST_URI = Uri.parse("content://com.my.provider/test");

}

content 指的是內容提供者ContentProvider。
//com.my.provider映射到我們已定義的那個ContentProvider標識
/test這個作爲一個參數，傳給ContentProvider，可以根據這個參數來決定操作目標，比如數據庫中的哪張表，文件中的那一部分數據等。

我們來操作這個內容提供者：

Java代碼

private String getName()
{
String name = null;
Cursor cur = this.getContentResolver().query(ProviderConst.MY_TEST_URI,new String[]{"id","name"},null, null, null);
if (cur == null)
return null;
cur.moveToFirst();
do
{
name = name + cur.getString(1)+ "\n";
} while(cur.moveToNext());
return name;
}

Android中ContentProvider詳解

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https://yachay.unat.edu.pe/blog/index.php?comment_area=format_blog&comment_component=blog&comment_co

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