自己常用的Linux命令

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog


netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep :80

#sphinx索引配置修改啓動
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd --stop
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --config /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --all
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd --config /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf


===== 154=====
/usr/local/webserver/sphinx/bin/indexer --config /usr/local/webserver/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --all
/usr/local/webserver/sphinx/bin/searchd --config /usr/local/webserver/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf


#如果searchd處於運行狀態，則執行
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --config /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --all --rotate

#創建索引目錄

mkdir -p /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/doc_text/doc_text_sphinx_index

mkdir -p /dev/shm/   

# 專用索引表
CREATE TABLE `doc_text_sphinx` ( 
`id` INT(11) NOT NULL, 
`weight` INT(11) NOT NULL, 
`query` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, 
`doc_id` INT(11) NOT NULL, 
`dateline` INT(11) NOT NULL, 
KEY `query` (`query`)
) ENGINE=SPHINX DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 CONNECTION='sphinx://127.0.0.1:3312/doc_text_sphinx_index'

# 查詢語句
SELECT *
FROM doc_text_sphinx
WHERE QUERY=''

SELECT doc_id,content,dateline FROM doc_text
LIMIT 0,10
#=========================未建立索引================================
SELECT *
FROM doc_text
WHERE content LIKE '%溫家寶科技進步%'

#=========================建立索引==================================
SELECT id,doc_id,QUERY,weight,dateline
FROM doc_text_sphinx
WHERE `query`='溫家寶科技進步'
 

# 開機啓動配置
vi /etc/rc.local

vi /etc/hosts

#====================網絡工具安裝===========================================
cd /opt
tar xvf iperf-2.0.5.tar.gz
cd iperf-2.0.5
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

wget http://www.tcpdump.org/release/libpcap-1.1.1.tar.gz
tar xvf libpcap-1.1.1.tar.gz
cd libpcap-1.1.1
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

cd /opt
wget http://www.ethereal.com/distribution/ethereal-0.99.0.tar.gz
./configure
make
make install
cd ../


#新安裝完CentOS Linux，發現配置完apache後沒法訪問，估計是防火牆問題。
/etc/init.d/iptables status

#會得到一系列信息，說明防火牆開着。
/etc/init.d/iptables stop

#永久關閉:
chkconfig --level 35 iptables off

# nginx目錄權限
chown -R www:www /home/www/www.xiaoyuan.com


service sendmail restart
服務啓動狀態的配置命令:
############
1. ntsysv
###########
setup
##########
2. chkconfig,這個命令功能強大,看看吧:
  查看服務啓動狀態:#CHKCONFIG --LIST [SERVICES]
  E.G.:
  #chkconfig --list  //查看系統所有服務的啓動狀態.
  #chkconfig --list syslog //查看syslog服務的啓動狀態.
  設置獨立服務的啓動狀態:#chkconfig --level <runlevel list> <serivces> <on/off/reset>
  e.g.:
  #chkconfig --level 123 syslog off //表示syslog這個服務在1,2,3停止運行.
結束.


#判斷端口是否啓動
netstat -ntl | grep 33  

ps -aux | grep ftpd
netstat -na | grep 21
sockstat | grep ftpd

ps -axu  |grep mysql

killall mysqld 

netstat -tulnp| grep vsftpd
/etc/init.d/vsftpd restart



/usr/local/mysql-search/bin/mysql -uroot -prootxiaoyuan --socket=/mysql/3406/mysql.sock

#查看目錄文件大小M顯示
ll -h

cron服務提供crontab命令來設定cron服務的，以下是這個命令的一些參數與說明：

crontab -u //設定某個用戶的cron服務，一般root用戶在執行這個命令的時候需要此參數

crontab -l //列出某個用戶cron服務的詳細內容

crontab -r //刪除沒個用戶的cron服務

crontab -e //編輯某個用戶的cron服務

==========================================
cat /etc/rc.local

=================掛載====================
cat /etc/exports

cat /proc/cpuinfo

cat /proc/meminfo

1. 查看物理CPU的個數
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "physical id"|sort |uniq|wc -l
 
2. 查看邏輯CPU的個數
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "processor"|wc -l
 
3. 查看CPU是幾核
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "cores"|uniq
 
4. 查看CPU的主頻
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep MHz|uniq

=====設置history行數============
export HISTFILESIZE=10000000000
export HISTSIZE=1000000

==========慢查詢分析=============
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqldumpslow -s c -t 100 /tmp/slow-log


=============nginx=====================
在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置

1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件後，請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

2.平滑變更Nginx配置：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
=======================nginx併發=======================
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}'
CLOSED　//無連接是活動的或正在進行
LISTEN　//服務器在等待進入呼叫
SYN_RECV　//一個連接請求已經到達，等待確認
SYN_SENT　//應用已經開始，打開一個連接
ESTABLISHED　//正常數據傳輸狀態/當前併發連接數
FIN_WAIT1　//應用說它已經完成
FIN_WAIT2　//另一邊已同意釋放
ITMED_WAIT　//等待所有分組死掉
CLOSING　//兩邊同時嘗試關閉
TIME_WAIT　//另一邊已初始化一個釋放
LAST_ACK　//等待所有分組死掉


============查找大文件==========================
du -s -m * | sort -nr | head
find . -type f -size +100000k


===========history設置默認行數=========
vi /etc/profile
HISTFILESIZE=100000



=====================route ========================================================
route add -net 172.16.130.22 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0
route add -net 172.16.130.21 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0
route add -net 172.16.130.91 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0
route add -net 172.16.130.241 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0
route add -net 172.16.130.42 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0

=====================================================================================
#!/bin/bash
ip route add default via 172.16.130.1 table nei
ip route add default via 58.49.58.1 table wai
ip route add default via 58.49.58.1 table vip
ip rule add from 172.16.130.241 table nei
ip rule add from 58.49.58.217 table wai
ip rule add from 58.49.58.208 table vip
ip rule add from 172.16.130.21 table nei
#route del default gw 58.49.58.1 eth1

=====================iptables=======================================================
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.21 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.22 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.91 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.241 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.42 -j ACCEPT




==================================清理內存==========================================
把內存裏的數據暫時寫到硬盤裏
sync

修改 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches文件
echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
cat /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches