自己常用的Linux命令

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog


netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep :80

#sphinx索引配置修改启动
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd --stop
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --config /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --all
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd --config /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf


===== 154=====
/usr/local/webserver/sphinx/bin/indexer --config /usr/local/webserver/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --all
/usr/local/webserver/sphinx/bin/searchd --config /usr/local/webserver/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf


#如果searchd处于运行状态，则执行
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --config /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --all --rotate

#创建索引目录

mkdir -p /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/doc_text/doc_text_sphinx_index

mkdir -p /dev/shm/   

# 专用索引表
CREATE TABLE `doc_text_sphinx` ( 
`id` INT(11) NOT NULL, 
`weight` INT(11) NOT NULL, 
`query` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, 
`doc_id` INT(11) NOT NULL, 
`dateline` INT(11) NOT NULL, 
KEY `query` (`query`)
) ENGINE=SPHINX DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 CONNECTION='sphinx://127.0.0.1:3312/doc_text_sphinx_index'

# 查询语句
SELECT *
FROM doc_text_sphinx
WHERE QUERY=''

SELECT doc_id,content,dateline FROM doc_text
LIMIT 0,10
#=========================未建立索引================================
SELECT *
FROM doc_text
WHERE content LIKE '%温家宝科技进步%'

#=========================建立索引==================================
SELECT id,doc_id,QUERY,weight,dateline
FROM doc_text_sphinx
WHERE `query`='温家宝科技进步'
 

# 开机启动配置
vi /etc/rc.local

vi /etc/hosts

#====================网络工具安装===========================================
cd /opt
tar xvf iperf-2.0.5.tar.gz
cd iperf-2.0.5
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

wget http://www.tcpdump.org/release/libpcap-1.1.1.tar.gz
tar xvf libpcap-1.1.1.tar.gz
cd libpcap-1.1.1
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

cd /opt
wget http://www.ethereal.com/distribution/ethereal-0.99.0.tar.gz
./configure
make
make install
cd ../


#新安装完CentOS Linux，发现配置完apache后没法访问，估计是防火墙问题。
/etc/init.d/iptables status

#会得到一系列信息，说明防火墙开着。
/etc/init.d/iptables stop

#永久关闭:
chkconfig --level 35 iptables off

# nginx目录权限
chown -R www:www /home/www/www.xiaoyuan.com


service sendmail restart
服务启动状态的配置命令:
############
1. ntsysv
###########
setup
##########
2. chkconfig,这个命令功能强大,看看吧:
  查看服务启动状态:#CHKCONFIG --LIST [SERVICES]
  E.G.:
  #chkconfig --list  //查看系统所有服务的启动状态.
  #chkconfig --list syslog //查看syslog服务的启动状态.
  设置独立服务的启动状态:#chkconfig --level <runlevel list> <serivces> <on/off/reset>
  e.g.:
  #chkconfig --level 123 syslog off //表示syslog这个服务在1,2,3停止运行.
结束.


#判断端口是否启动
netstat -ntl | grep 33  

ps -aux | grep ftpd
netstat -na | grep 21
sockstat | grep ftpd

ps -axu  |grep mysql

killall mysqld 

netstat -tulnp| grep vsftpd
/etc/init.d/vsftpd restart



/usr/local/mysql-search/bin/mysql -uroot -prootxiaoyuan --socket=/mysql/3406/mysql.sock

#查看目录文件大小M显示
ll -h

cron服务提供crontab命令来设定cron服务的，以下是这个命令的一些参数与说明：

crontab -u //设定某个用户的cron服务，一般root用户在执行这个命令的时候需要此参数

crontab -l //列出某个用户cron服务的详细内容

crontab -r //删除没个用户的cron服务

crontab -e //编辑某个用户的cron服务

==========================================
cat /etc/rc.local

=================挂载====================
cat /etc/exports

cat /proc/cpuinfo

cat /proc/meminfo

1. 查看物理CPU的个数
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "physical id"|sort |uniq|wc -l
 
2. 查看逻辑CPU的个数
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "processor"|wc -l
 
3. 查看CPU是几核
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "cores"|uniq
 
4. 查看CPU的主频
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep MHz|uniq

=====设置history行数============
export HISTFILESIZE=10000000000
export HISTSIZE=1000000

==========慢查询分析=============
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqldumpslow -s c -t 100 /tmp/slow-log


=============nginx=====================
在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

2.平滑变更Nginx配置：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
=======================nginx并发=======================
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}'
CLOSED　//无连接是活动的或正在进行
LISTEN　//服务器在等待进入呼叫
SYN_RECV　//一个连接请求已经到达，等待确认
SYN_SENT　//应用已经开始，打开一个连接
ESTABLISHED　//正常数据传输状态/当前并发连接数
FIN_WAIT1　//应用说它已经完成
FIN_WAIT2　//另一边已同意释放
ITMED_WAIT　//等待所有分组死掉
CLOSING　//两边同时尝试关闭
TIME_WAIT　//另一边已初始化一个释放
LAST_ACK　//等待所有分组死掉


============查找大文件==========================
du -s -m * | sort -nr | head
find . -type f -size +100000k


===========history设置默认行数=========
vi /etc/profile
HISTFILESIZE=100000



=====================route ========================================================
route add -net 172.16.130.22 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0
route add -net 172.16.130.21 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0
route add -net 172.16.130.91 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0
route add -net 172.16.130.241 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0
route add -net 172.16.130.42 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 172.16.130.1 dev eth0

=====================================================================================
#!/bin/bash
ip route add default via 172.16.130.1 table nei
ip route add default via 58.49.58.1 table wai
ip route add default via 58.49.58.1 table vip
ip rule add from 172.16.130.241 table nei
ip rule add from 58.49.58.217 table wai
ip rule add from 58.49.58.208 table vip
ip rule add from 172.16.130.21 table nei
#route del default gw 58.49.58.1 eth1

=====================iptables=======================================================
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.21 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.22 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.91 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.241 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 172.16.130.42 -j ACCEPT




==================================清理内存==========================================
把内存里的数据暂时写到硬盘里
sync

修改 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches文件
echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
cat /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches