在linux上架構nginx mysql php 平臺,現在nginx也開始流行起來,所以很多公司也都開始在lnmp上架構網站了,我們來討論一下怎麼安裝lnmp這個相比lamp來說有點輕量級但是卻很重要的平臺。其實他與lamp差不多,不過把apache換成了nginx而已。
1 安裝nginx
首先做好安裝前準備,安裝開發包組:Development Tools"和 "Development Libraries"。同時,還需要專門安裝pcre-devel包:
添加nginx用戶,用來安全運行進程
Groupadd -r nginx
Useradd -r -g nginx -s /bin/false -M nginx
下載nginx壓縮包後,可在根目錄解壓縮,切換至nginx目錄
Tar xvf nginx
Cd nginx(版本號是自己下載的爲主)
# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr \(安裝路徑)
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \(配置路徑)
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \(錯誤日誌路徑)
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \(訪問日誌路徑)
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \(pid路徑)
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--user=nginx \(用戶名id)
--group=nginx \(組名)
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \(這幾個是添加的模塊)
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--with-pcre
然後make 再make install 即可
爲nginx提供sysvinit腳本:vim /etc/rc.d/nginx 內容如下(這是關鍵,nginx就靠他來的配置腳本來運行了。)
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx(賦予執行權限)
然後添加至服務列表,並讓其開機自動啓動
Chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
啓動服務測試:service nginx start
2 安裝mysql
建立數據庫,先從磁盤分出一個分區,建立一個邏輯卷。
然後建立一個系統mysql用戶和組,
Groupadd –r mysql
Useradd -g mysql –r –s /sbin/nologin –M –d /mydata/data mysql
Chown –R mysql:mysql /mydata/data
下載好mysql壓縮包
然後將其解壓至指定的目錄下:
# tar xf mysql-5.5.20-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local(最好在此目錄)
# cd /usr/local/
# ln -sv mysql-5.5.20-linux2.6-i686 mysql(創建連接爲了方便尋找)
# cd mysql (也就是mysql-5.5.20-linux2.6-i686的目錄)
將此目錄下的所有文件屬組屬主改爲mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql .
初始化腳本
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
將屬主改爲root
# chown -R root .
爲mysql提供主配置文件:
Cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
修改此文件 vim /etc/my.cnf
Thread_concurency=2
指定mysql數據文件的存放位置
Datadir = /mydata/data
然後我們再爲其提供sysv服務腳本
Cd /usr/local/mysql
Cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
並添加至服務列表:# chkconfig --add mysqld
讓其開機自動啓動則:
chkconfig mysqld on,這樣就可以啓動服務測試了
service mysqld start
爲了使其符合使用規範,還要做如下配置:
Vim /etc/man.conf
添加如下行:
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
輸出mysql頭文件至系統頭文件路徑:
Ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
輸出mysql的庫文件給系統庫查找路徑:
Echo ‘/usr/local/mysql/lib’ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
或者直接在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf文件裏添加:
/usr/local/mysql/lib
然後讓系統重新載入系統庫:ldconfing
修改path變量:vim /etc/profile
$path=$panth:/usr/local/mysql/bin
3 編譯安裝php
首先配置好yum,解決依賴關係
yum -y groupinstall "X Software Development"
若要使其支持mcrypt mhash libevent 還需要以下幾個安裝包:
libmcrypt-2.5.8-4.el5.centos.i386.rpm
libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-4.el5.centos.i386.rpm
mhash-0.9.9-1.el5.centos.i386.rpm
mhash-devel-0.9.9-1.el5.centos.i386.rpm
libevent-2.0.17-2.i386.rpm
libevent-devel-2.0.17-2.i386.rpm
mcrypt-2.6.8-1.el5.i386.rpm
然後用命令rpm –Uvh 安裝,(其實如果你沒有安裝包,可以編譯安裝)
下面就開始編譯安裝php了
下載最新版本的php壓縮包至本地,解壓:
# tar xf php-5.3.10.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.3.10 (下面的就是根據你自己的需要進行配置了)
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --enable-fpm --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc/php --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php --with-bz2 --with-curl --with-mcrypt(最後的是擴展)
之後就是編譯安裝三步走:
# make
# make test
# make intall
安裝好後,要爲其提供配置文件:cp php.ini-production /etc/php/php.ini
爲php-fpm提供Sysv init腳本,並將其添加至服務列表:
# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
# chkconfig --add php-fpm
# chkconfig php-fpm on(開機自動開啓)
下面我們編輯php-fpm的配置文件:
Vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
配置pm.的相關選項值,並啓用pid文件,
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8(數值大小以你的計算機安排)
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid(只需將其前面的#號去掉即可)
然後就可以啓動php-fpm了
# service php-fpm start
或者直接使用命令/usr/local/php/bin/php-fpm
可以用一下命令來驗證:
Ps aux | grep php-fpm
下面讓nginx與php結合起來
Vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 啓用下面的選項
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;(可以是你自己建立的路徑)
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}(可以在你添加的虛擬機中設置)
編輯/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params,並將其內容改寫如下:
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
然後在其支持的主頁格式中添加php格式。
location / {
root html;(網頁所在路徑)
index index.php index.html index.htm;(使其支持php)
}
然後再重新載入:service nginx reload
接着局可以測試一下了,可以寫一個測試頁面
# cat > /usr/html/index.php << EOF
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
如果想爲你的交互是頁面訪問加速的話,可以自行安裝xcache