sed [options] sed-commands input-file
options：
-n: 靜默模式，不輸出模式空間中的內容
-e script –e script: 指定多個腳本命令
-f script_file: 指定腳本文件
-i: 直接編輯原文件
-r: 使用擴展的正則表達式
sed-commands：
d: 刪除
p: 打印
i \text: 在模式匹配行的前面插入
a \text: 在模式匹配行的後面追加
r /path/to/somefile: 在指定位置讀取另外一個文件插入
w /path/to/somefile: 把符合條件的所有行保存至指定的文件中
=: 打印行號
s/查找條件/替換文本/: 查找替換
地址定界：
1,3： 匹配第一行到第三行
2,$: 匹配第二行到最後一行
/he/,$: 匹配he所在的行到最後一行
/he/,/yy/:匹配he所在的行到yy所在的行
/li/: 匹配所有li的行
sed查找替換命令格式：
sed '[address-range | pattern-range] s/original-string/replacement-string/[flags]' input-file
flags:
g: 替換一行中所有匹配的模式
[1|2|3|..n]: 規劃換一行中第n次匹配的模式
p: 打印替換後的模式
w output.txt: 把替換後的文本寫入文件output.txt
i: 忽略搜索的模式的大小寫
sed的工作模式：
1.讀取一行到模式空間（模式空間是一個sed命令的buffer空間）
2.在此模式空間中執行sed 命令
3.打印模式空間中的行
4.重複以上步驟
實例：
以employee.txt爲input-file
# vim employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager
打印所有行
# sed -n 'p' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager
從文件中讀取sed-commands
# vim script.sed /admin/ p /IT/ p # sed -n -f script.sed employee.txt 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin
使用-e指定多個sed-commands(方法一）
# sed -n -e '/admin/p' -e '/IT/p' employee.txt 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin
使用-e指定多個sed-commands(方法二）
# sed -n \ > -e '/admin/p' \ > -e '/IT/p' \ > employee.txt 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin
使用-e指定多個sed-commands(方法二）
打印第二行
# sed -n '2 p' employee.txt 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager
打印第一行到第四行
# sed -n '1,4 p' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer
打印第二行到最後一行
# sed -n '2,$ p' employee.txt 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager
打印從第一行開始的2行
# sed -n '1,+2 p' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin
打印奇數行
# sed -n '1~2 p' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager
打印偶數行
# sed -n '2~2 p' employee.txt 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 104,Anand Ram,Developer
刪除第二行
# sed '2 d' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager
刪除第三行到最後一行
# sed '3,$ d' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager
刪除空行
# sed '/^$/ d' employee.txt
刪除以#開始的註釋行
sed '/^#/ d' employee.txt
把employee.txt的偶數行寫入到output.txt
# sed -n '2 w output.txt' employee.txt # cat output.txt 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager
把Manager改成Director
# sed 's/Manager/Director/' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Director 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Director
搜索Sales所在行的Manager爲Director
# sed '/Sales/s/Manager/Director/' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Director
搜索替換一行中所有的小寫字母a爲大寫字母A
# sed 's/a/A/g' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 102,JAson Smith,IT MAnAger 103,RAj Reddy,SysAdmin 104,AnAnd RAm,Developer 105,JAne Miller,SAles MAnAger
搜索替換一行中第二個出現的小寫字母a爲大寫字母A
[root@unp ~]# sed 's/a/A/2' employee.txt 101,John Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT MAnager 103,Raj Reddy,SysAdmin 104,Anand RAm,Developer 105,Jane Miller,SAles Manager
搜索包含John的行並替換爲Jonny，僅打印此行
# sed -n 's/John/Jonny/p' employee.txt 101,Jonny Doe,CEO
搜索包含John的行並替換爲Jonny，寫入到文件output.txt
# sed -n 's/John/Jonny/w output.txt' employee.txt # cat output.txt 101,Jonny Doe,CEO
搜索包含John的行(忽略大小寫)並替換爲Jonny，寫入到文件output.txt
# sed -n 's/john/Jonny/iw output.txt' employee.txt # cat output.txt 101,Jonny Doe,CEO
在第1到2行的前面的行首插入<<,行尾插入>>
# sed -e '1,2s/^/<< /' -e '1,2s/$/ >>/' employee.txt << 101,John Doe,CEO >> << 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager >>
sed搜索定界符也可使用以下幾種形式
sed 's|/usr/local/bin|/usr/bin|' input-file sed 's^/usr/local/bin^/usr/bin^' input-file sed 's@/usr/local/bin@/usr/bin@' input-file sed 's!/usr/local/bin!/usr/bin!' input-file
&用於替換匹配的oritinal-string
# sed 's/^[0-9]\{3\}/[&]/g' employee.txt [101],John Doe,CEO [102],Jason Smith,IT Manager [103],Raj Reddy,Sysadmin [104],Anand Ram,Developer [105],Jane Miller,Sales Manager # sed -r 's/^[0-9]{3}/[&]/g' employee.txt [101],John Doe,CEO [102],Jason Smith,IT Manager [103],Raj Reddy,Sysadmin [104],Anand Ram,Developer [105],Jane Miller,Sales Manager
單分組引用
# sed 's/\([^,]*\).*/\1/g' employee.txt 101 102 103 104 105
多分組引用
# sed 's/\([^,]*\),\([^,]*\),\([^,]*\).*/\1,\3/g' employee.txt 101,CEO 102,IT Manager 103,Sysadmin 104,Developer 105,Sales Manager
\l表示把後面的單個字符N視爲小寫n，\L表示將後面的所有字符HNNY視爲小寫hnny
# sed -n 's/John/JO\LHNNY/p' employee.txt 101,JOhnny Doe,CEO # sed -n 's/John/JO\lHNNY/p' employee.txt 101,JOhNNY Doe,CEO
\u表示把後面的單個字符n視爲大寫N，\U表示將後面的所有字符hnny視爲大寫HNNY
# sed -n 's/John/JO\uhnny/p' employee.txt 101,JOHnny Doe,CEO # sed -n 's/John/JO\Uhnny/p' employee.txt 101,JOHNNY Doe,CEO
\E和\L \U配合使用，作爲定界符
# sed -n 's/John/JO\Uhnn\Ey/p' employee.txt 101,JOHNNy Doe,CEO
把\3改爲大寫
# sed 's/\([^,]*\),\([^,]*\),\([^,]*\).*/\1,\U\3\E/g' employee.txt 101,CEO 102,IT MANAGER 103,SYSADMIN 104,DEVELOPER 105,SALES MANAGER
把sed作爲一個解釋器來用
# cat script.sed #!/bin/sed -f s/\([^,]*\),\([^,]*\),\([^,]*\).*/\2,\1,\3/g s/^.*/<&>/ s/Developer/IT Manager/ s/Manager/Director/ # ./script.sed employee.txt <John Doe,101,CEO> <Jason Smith,102,IT Director> <Raj Reddy,103,Sysadmin> <Anand Ram,104,IT Director> <Jane Miller,105,Sales Director>
直接修改原文件
# sed -i 's/John/Johnny/' employee.txt # cat employee.txt 101,Johnny Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager
直接修改原文件，並備份原文件
# sed -ibak 's/John/Johnny/' employee.txt # ll employee.txt* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123 Sep 15 18:05 employee.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 121 Sep 15 18:05 employee.txtbak
直接修改原文件，並指定文件後綴名
# sed --in-place=.bak 's/John/Johnny/' employee.txt # ll employee.txt* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123 Sep 15 18:08 employee.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 121 Sep 15 18:07 employee.txt.bak
追加a和插入i
# sed -e '1 i \Staff Information\n-------------' -e '$ a \END\n-------------' employee.txt Staff Information ------------- 101,Johnny Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager END -------------
替換c
# sed '/Sales/ c \105,Jane Miller,Sales Director' employee.txt 101,Johnny Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Director
打印隱藏字符
# sed -n 'l' employee.txt 101,Johnny Doe,CEO$ 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager$ 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin$ 104,Anand Ram,Developer$ 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager$
打印行號
# sed '=' employee.txt 1 101,Johnny Doe,CEO 2 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 3 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 4 104,Anand Ram,Developer 5 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager
轉換大小寫字母
# sed 'y/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/' employee.txt 101,JOHNNY DOE,CEO 102,JASON SMITH,IT MANAGER 103,RAJ REDDY,SYSADMIN 104,ANAND RAM,DEVELOPER 105,JANE MILLER,SALES MANAGER
多個input-file
# sed -n '/^root\>/ p' /etc/{passwd,group} root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash root:x:0:
退出命令q
# sed 'q' employee.txt 101,Johnny Doe,CEO # sed '2q' employee.txt 101,Johnny Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager
命令n:用於打印當前模式空間，並從input-file中讀入下一行
# sed 'n' employee.txt 101,Johnny Doe,CEO 102,Jason Smith,IT Manager 103,Raj Reddy,Sysadmin 104,Anand Ram,Developer 105,Jane Miller,Sales Manager