Packet Tracer 5.0建構CCNA實驗攻略(13)——幀中繼Frame Relay
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Packet Tracer 5.0是一款非常不錯的Cisco(思科)網絡設備模擬器，對於想考思科初級認證（如CCNA）的朋友們來說，Packet Tracer 5.0是非常不錯的選擇。通常我們周圍並沒有那麼多思科的設備供我們學習調試，參加培訓費用很貴，上機實踐的機會還是有限的，利用Packet Tracer 5.0練習思科IOS操作命令很不錯的。近日，在網上下載了思科CCNA640-802指導用書，打算根據此教程與諸位網友共同分享Packet Tracer 5.0的使用方法與技巧，也藉此拋磚引玉。 幀中繼是一種用於連接計算機系統的面向分組的通信方法。它主要用在公共或專用網上的局域網互聯以及廣域網連接。大多數公共電信局都提供幀中繼服務，把它作爲建立高性能的虛擬廣域連接的一種途徑。幀中繼是進入帶寬範圍從56Kbps到1．544Mbps的廣域分組交換網的用戶接口。幀中繼是從綜合業務數字網中發展起來的，並在1984年推薦爲國際電話電報諮詢委員會（CCITT）的一項標準，另外，由美國國家標準協會授權的美國TIS標準委員會也對幀中繼做了一些初步工作。
數據鏈路連接標識符（DLCI） 這個信息包含標識號，它標識多路複用到通道的邏輯連結。幀中繼交換機將兩端的DLCI關聯起來，它是幀中繼幀格式中地字段的一個重要部分之一，這是個6位標識，表示正在進行的客戶和服務器之間的連接，用於RFCOMM 層。 幀中繼使用DLCI來標識DTE和服務商交換機之間的虛電路。DLCI字段的長度一般爲10bit，但也可擴展爲16bit，前者用二字節地址字段，後者是三字節地址字段。23bit用四字節地址字段。DLCI值用於標識永久虛電路（PVC），呼叫控制或管理信息。DLCI只具有本地意義。
一、使用Packet Tracer 5.0構建幀中繼仿真
添加三個2811路由器和一個雲  圖一  圖二 給2811添加一個具有串口的模塊  圖三  圖四 把路由器2811的串口與雲的串口相連，路由器的串口爲DTE  圖五 實驗拓撲圖及IP地址、DLCI分配 二、配置Frame Relay
以Router2爲例，其它兩個路由器相似，＼＼後是人爲添加的註釋，在實際配置時不存在 Router>en ＼＼進入特權配置模式 Router#conf t ＼＼進入全局配置模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup ＼＼取消名稱解析 Router(config)#hostname Router2 ＼＼配置路由器的名字 Router2(config)#int fa0/1 ＼＼進入接口配置模式 Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.18.1.1 255.255.255.0 ＼＼配置ip地址 Router2(config-if)#no shut ＼＼激活端口 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up Router2(config-if)#int serial0/3/0 Router2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay ＼＼對串口serial0/3/0進行frame-relay封裝 Router2(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/3/0, changed state to up
Router2(config-if)# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/3/0, changed state to up Router2(config-if)#interface serial0/3/0.1 point-to-point ＼＼進入串口的子接口配置模式 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/3/0.1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/3/0.1, changed state to upRouter2 (config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ＼＼爲子接口配置IP地址
Router2(config-subif)#description Link Router1 DLCI 30 ＼＼爲子接口添加描述 Router2(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 40 ＼＼配置DLCI Router2(config-subif)#interface serial0/3/0.2 point-to-point %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/3/0.2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/3/0.2, changed state to upRouter2 (config-subif)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router2(config-subif)#description link to Router0 DLCI20 Router2(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 41 Router2(config-subif)#end %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Router2#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router2(config)#router eigrp 100 ＼＼在路由器上啓用EIGRP路由協議 Router2(config-router)#network 172.18.0.0 ＼＼通告與自己直接想連的網段 Router2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 Router2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 Router2(config-router)# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Router2#copy running-config startup-config ＼＼保存配置 Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration... [OK] Router2# 路由器Router0的配置：
Router0#sh running-config
Building configuration... Current configuration : 830 bytes
! version 12.4 no service password-encryption ! hostname Router0 ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh version 1 no ip domain-lookup ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown ! interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface Serial0/3/0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay ! interface Serial0/3/0.1 point-to-point description Link to Router 2 ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 20 ! interface Serial0/3/0.2 point-to-point description Link to Router1 ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 21 ! interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown ! router eigrp 100 network 172.16.0.0 network 192.168.3.0 network 192.168.2.0 auto-summary ! ip classless ! ! ! ! ! line con 0 line vty 0 4 login ! ! end 路由器Router1的配置 Router1#sh running-config Building configuration... Current configuration : 843 bytes
! version 12.4 no service password-encryption ! hostname Router1 ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh version 1 no ip domain-lookup ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown ! interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 172.17.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface Serial0/3/0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay ! interface Serial0/3/0.1 point-to-point description link to Router2 DLCI40 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 30 ! interface Serial0/3/0.2 point-to-point description link to router0 DLCI21 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 31 ! interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown ! router eigrp 100 network 192.168.1.0 network 192.168.2.0 network 172.17.0.0 auto-summary ! ip classless ! ! ! ! ! line con 0 line vty 0 4 login ! ! end 路由器Router2的配置
Router2#sh running-config
Building configuration... Current configuration : 841 bytes
! version 12.4 no service password-encryption ! hostname Router2 ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh version 1 no ip domain-lookup ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown ! interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 172.18.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface Serial0/3/0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay ! interface Serial0/3/0.1 point-to-point description Link Router1 DLCI 30 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 40 ! interface Serial0/3/0.2 point-to-point description link to Router0 DLCI20 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 41 ! interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown ! router eigrp 100 network 172.18.0.0 network 192.168.3.0 network 192.168.1.0 auto-summary ! ip classless ! ! ! ! ! line con 0 line vty 0 4 login ! ! end 路由器配置完畢後，還需要配置Cloud0。
 圖六 根據路由器的相關配置，給Cloud0的serial0配置DLCI及LMI類型  圖七 根據路由器的相關配置，給Cloud0的serial1配置DLCI及LMI類型  圖八 根據路由器的相關配置，給Cloud0的serial2配置DLCI及LMI類型  圖九 根據路由器的相關配置，配置Cloud0的Frame Relay 三、配置各個計算機，並使用ping命令校驗網絡的連通性
pc0
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 172.16.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 172.16.1.1 PC>ping 192.168.1.1
Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=141ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=143ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=254 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 110ms, Maximum = 143ms, Average = 126ms PC>ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=62ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=62ms TTL=255 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=47ms TTL=255 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=63ms TTL=255 Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 47ms, Maximum = 63ms, Average = 58ms PC>ping 192.168.3.1
Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=93ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=94ms TTL=254 Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 93ms, Maximum = 125ms, Average = 105ms PC>ping 172.17.1.1 Pinging 172.17.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.17.1.1: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.17.1.1: bytes=32 time=112ms TTL=254 Reply from 172.17.1.1: bytes=32 time=123ms TTL=254 Reply from 172.17.1.1: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=254 Ping statistics for 172.17.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 110ms, Maximum = 123ms, Average = 113ms PC>ping 172.18.1.1
Pinging 172.18.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.18.1.1: bytes=32 time=140ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.18.1.1: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=254 Reply from 172.18.1.1: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=254 Reply from 172.18.1.1: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=254 Ping statistics for 172.18.1.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 109ms, Maximum = 140ms, Average = 121ms |