通過Http請求訪問WebService

  使用的WebService地址爲http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx，所使用的服務方法爲getWeatherbyCityName，訪問上述地址可以看到該服務的說明。

   方法getWeatherbyCityName的Http請求報文格式示例如下：

SOAP 1.1

POST /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
SOAPAction: "http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <getWeatherbyCityName xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
      <theCityName>string</theCityName>
    </getWeatherbyCityName>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

HTTP GET

GET /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName?theCityName=string HTTP/1.1
Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn

HTTP POST

POST /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName HTTP/1.1
Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: length

theCityName=string

對於以上三種Http請求報文，使用python的httplib庫構造起來很方便。

通過Http請求來訪問該WebService的代碼示例如下：

import httplib
import urllib

*host值通過上面報文即可得到
host = "webservice.webxml.com.cn"
*建立連接
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host)

*SOAP 1.1
def bySoap():
    *soap報文內容一定要copy原WebService給出的示例，寫錯非常難debug
    soapMessage ='''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                   xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
      <soap:Body>
        <getWeatherbyCityName xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
          <theCityName>beijing</theCityName>
        </getWeatherbyCityName>
      </soap:Body>
    </soap:Envelope>'''
*Http報文頭
    headers = {"Content-Type":"text/xml; charset=utf-8",
               "Content-Length":"%d" % len(soapMessage),
               "SOAPAction":"\"http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName\""}
    *發送請求
    conn.request("POST", "/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx", '', headers)
    *發送Soap報文
    conn.send(soapMessage)
    *獲得響應
    r = conn.getresponse()
    print r.read()

*HTTP GET
def byHttpGet():
    *發送請求
    conn.request("GET", "/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName?theCityName=beijing")
    *獲得響應
    r = conn.getresponse()
    print r.read()

*HTTP POST
def byHttpPost():
    *post參數需要urlencode
    params = urllib.urlencode({'theCityName':'beijing'})
    *Http報文頭
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
    *發送請求
    conn.request("POST", "/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName", params, headers)
    *獲得響應
    r = conn.getresponse()
    print r.read()

def main():
    bySoap()
    byHttpGet()
    byHttpPost()
*關閉連接
    conn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()