1、基本概念
1.1、Spring
Spring是一個開源框架,Spring是於2003 年興起的一個輕量級的Java 開發框架,由Rod Johnson 在其著作Expert One-On-One J2EE Development and Design中闡述的部分理念和原型衍生而來。它是爲了解決企業應用開發的複雜性而創建的。Spring使用基本的JavaBean來完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。然而,Spring的用途不僅限於服務器端的開發。從簡單性、可測試性和鬆耦合的角度而言,任何Java應用都可以從Spring中受益。 簡單來說,Spring是一個輕量級的控制反轉(IoC)和麪向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
1.2、SpringMVC
Spring MVC屬於SpringFrameWork的後續產品,已經融合在Spring Web Flow裏面。Spring MVC 分離了控制器、模型對象、分派器以及處理程序對象的角色,這種分離讓它們更容易進行定製。
1.3、MyBatis
MyBatis 本是apache的一個開源項目iBatis, 2010年這個項目由apache software foundation 遷移到了google code,並且改名爲MyBatis 。MyBatis是一個基於Java的持久層框架。iBATIS提供的持久層框架包括SQL Maps和Data Access Objects(DAO)MyBatis 消除了幾乎所有的JDBC代碼和參數的手工設置以及結果集的檢索。MyBatis 使用簡單的 XML或註解用於配置和原始映射,將接口和 Java 的POJOs(Plain Old Java Objects,普通的 Java對象)映射成數據庫中的記錄。
2.需要的jar包
需要的jar包主要分爲以下幾類:
1.mysql數據庫驅動包以及數據庫連接池相關包
2.mybatis框架包和mybatis+spring框架整合包
3.spring包
jar包如下圖所示:
3.配置school-mybatis.xml
該配置文件默認存放在src目錄下,school-mybatis.xml具體配置如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mybatis="http://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring http://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 自動掃描 --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.wallance" /> <!-- 引入配置文件 --> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="location" value="classpath:jdbc.properties" /> </bean> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}" /> <property name="url" value="${url}" /> <property name="username" value="${username}" /> <property name="password" value="${password}" /> <!-- 配置連接池的初始值 --> <property name="initialSize" value="1" /> <!-- 連接池的最大值 --> <!-- <property name="maxActive" value="500"/> --> <!-- 最大空閒時,當經過一個高峯之後,連接池可以將一些用不到的連接釋放,一直減少到maxIdle爲止 --> <!-- <property name="maxIdle" value="2"/> --> <!-- 當最小空閒時,當連接少於minIdle時會自動去申請一些連接 --> <property name="minIdle" value="1" /> <property name="maxActive" value="100" /> <property name="maxIdle" value="20" /> <property name="maxWait" value="1000" /> </bean> <!-- spring和MyBatis完美整合,不需要mybatis的配置映射文件 --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <!-- 自動掃描mapping.xml文件 --> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:cn/wallance/mapping/*.xml"></property> </bean> <!-- DAO接口所在包名,Spring會自動查找其下的類 --> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="cn.wallance.dao" /> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property> </bean> <!-- (事務管理)transaction manager, use JtaTransactionManager for global tx --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> </beans>
ps:jdbc.properties文件內容如下所示:
4.配置school-servlet.xml文件
school-servlet.xml文件中主要配置spring框架的信息,具體如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd"> <!-- 開啓註解 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 設置組件掃描的基礎包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.wallance.web"/> <!-- 配置視圖解析器 --> <bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/school/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
5.配置web.xml,整合SSM框架
web.xml文件如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <!-- 配置DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>school</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>school</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- Spring 的監聽器可以通過這個上下文參數來獲取school-mybatis.xml的位置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:school-mybatis.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 創建Spring的監聽器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 創建字符過濾器 --> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
6.項目整體框架
6.1 dao包介紹
主要是數據庫操作(基於mybatis),分別是一個dao接口和一個dao類。
IUserDao接口:
package cn.wallance.dao;import java.util.List;import cn.wallance.domain.User;public interface IUserDao { public abstract List<User> selectAll(); }
IUSerDaoImpl類:
package cn.wallance.dao;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;import org.mybatis.spring.support.SqlSessionDaoSupport;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import cn.wallance.domain.User; @Repository("userDao")public class UserDaoImpl extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements IUserDao { @Resource public void setSuperSessionFactory(SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory){ this.setSqlSessionFactory(sessionFactory); } public List<User> selectAll() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub List<User> users = this.getSqlSession().selectList("getUser"); return users; } }
6.2 service包
IUSerService接口:
package cn.wallance.service;import java.util.List;import cn.wallance.domain.User;public interface IUserService { public abstract List<User> selectAll(); }
UserServiceImpl類:
package cn.wallance.service;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import cn.wallance.dao.IUserDao;import cn.wallance.domain.User; @Service("userService")public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { private IUserDao userDao; public IUserDao getUserDao() { return userDao; } @Resource public void setUserDao(IUserDao userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; } @Override public List<User> selectAll() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return userDao.selectAll(); } }
6.3 mapping包
該包下主要是mapper文件
usermapper.xml映射文件如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><mapper namespace="cn.wallance.mapping.classMapper"> <select id="getUser" resultType="cn.wallance.domain.User"> select * from users </select></mapper>
6.4 domain包
該包下主要是實體類。
USer類如下所示:
package cn.wallance.domain;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id; @Entitypublic class User { private int id; private String name; private int age; public User(){ } public User(int id, String name, int age) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; } @GeneratedValue @Id public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
6.5.web包
該包下主要是contrller類:
package cn.wallance.web;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import cn.wallance.domain.User;import cn.wallance.service.IUserService; @Controllerpublic class HomeController { private IUserService userService; public IUserService getUserService() { return userService; } @Resource public void setUserService(IUserService userService) { this.userService = userService; } @RequestMapping(value="/",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String home(Model model){ List<User> users = userService.selectAll(); model.addAttribute("users", users); return "home"; } }
6.6 Jsp頁面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <table> <tr> <td>ID</td> <td>NAME</td> <td>AGE</td> </tr> <c:forEach items="${users}" var="user"> <tr> <td>${user.id}</td> <td>${user.name}</td> <td>${user.age}</td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> </body></html>
7.項目實際運行效果
至此,SSM框架整合工作已經全部完成,大家可以在此基礎上進行進一步的功能擴展!
寫在最後:
代碼GitHub地址:https://github.com/bywallance01/SSM_School_System