測試環境：vmware workstation 9、CentOS Linux 5.4、Oracle database 11g
測試目的：學習筆記方便查閱
參考網站：http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage
說 明：Oracle Linux 和CentOS Linux是用RHEL的源碼重新編譯而成的，所以這三種系統一樣
1、新建虛擬機
根據官方文檔，oracle database 11g 安裝，內存最小爲1G，建議2G或者2G以上
2、安裝操作系統
安裝的時候把/tmp單獨分出一個分區，最小爲1G，安裝oracle的時候會檢查
安裝軟件的的時候選擇自定義，安裝x圖形、安裝開發工具、安裝x軟件開發
3、安裝vmtool工具
如果不安裝vmtool工具，linux的屏幕分辨率不能調整；
如果不安裝此工具，可以用Xmanager 遠程linux系統的桌面
然後以root身份進入linux系統進行安裝
3.1掛載vmtool盤
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda3 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) /dev/hdc on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)
3.2解壓安裝包
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf /mnt/VMwareTools-9.2.0-799703.tar.gz
3.3安裝程序包
[root@localhost ~]# ll vmware-tools-distrib/ -d drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 2012-08-02 vmware-tools-distrib/ [root@localhost ~]# cd vmware-tools-distrib/ [root@localhost vmware-tools-distrib]# ./vmware-install.pl
在安裝過程中，一路回車即可，在提示選擇屏幕分辨率的時候，選擇需要的屏幕分辨率即可
如下：
Please choose one of the following display sizes that X will start with: [1] "320x200" [2] "320x240" [3] "400x300" [4] "512x384" [5] "640x400" [6] "640x480" [7] "720x480" [8] "800x480" [9] "854x480" [10] "720x576" [11] "800x600" [12] "1024x768" [13] "1280x720" [14] "1280x768" [15] "1152x864" [16] "1280x800" [17] "1366x768" [18] "1280x960" [19] "1440x900" [20] "1280x1024" [21] "1400x1050" [22] "1680x1050" [23] "1600x1200" [24] "1920x1080" [25] "1920x1200" [26] "1920x1440" [27] "2048x1536" [28] "2560x1600" [29] "2560x1920" Please enter a number between 1 and 29: [3] 11
注意，這個11是我選擇的，然後回車
這個重啓纔會生效
4、關閉不相關的服務
方法一：
[root@localhost ~]# setup
方法二：
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list NetworkManager 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:關閉 3:關閉 4:關閉 5:關閉 6:關閉 acpid 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 anacron 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 apmd 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 atd 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:關閉 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 auditd 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 autofs 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:關閉 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 avahi-daemon 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:關閉 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 ……（省略部分）
關閉iptables服務
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep iptables iptables 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep iptables iptables 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:關閉 3:關閉 4:關閉 5:關閉 6:關閉 [root@localhost ~]#
關閉SElinux（不關閉會有很多莫名其妙的錯誤）
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
修改成如下
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - SELinux is fully disabled. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are: # targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected. # strict - Full SELinux protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted ~ "/etc/sysconfig/selinux" 10L, 447C 6,1 全部
重啓生效
5、修改主機名，修改IP地址
5.1修改IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
內容如下
# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static BROADCAST=192.168.100.255 HWADDR=00:0C:29:B0:29:09 IPADDR=192.168.100.200 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.100.0 ONBOOT=yes ~
重新啓動服務
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart 正在關閉接口 eth0： [確定] 關閉環回接口： [確定] 彈出環回接口： [確定] 彈出界面 eth0： [確定] [root@localhost ~]#
查看IP
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:B0:29:09
inet addr:192.168.100.200 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb0:2909/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2973 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4874 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:213076 (208.0 KiB) TX bytes:864952 (844.6 KiB)
Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000
[root@localhost ~]#5.2修改主機名，修改網關
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
內容如下
NETWORKING=yes NETWORKING_IPV6=no HOSTNAME=night GATEWAY=192.168.100.254 ~
重新登錄shell 就會生效
5.3修改hosts文件（這個非常重要）
[root@night ~]# vim /etc/hosts
內容如下
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost #::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 192.168.100.200 night ~ ~
將原來的IPv6的那一行註釋掉
添加一行，讓本機的IP和hostname解析
6、用root用戶登錄檢查硬件環境
[root@night ~]# uname -m
i686
[root@night ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1189 1169 20 0 84 882
-/+ buffers/cache: 202 987
Swap: 2392 0 2392
[root@night ~]# df -Th /tmp/
文件系統 類型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點
/dev/sda3 ext3 1.4G 35M 1.3G 3% /tmp
[root@night ~]#[root@night ~]# df -Th 文件系統 類型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點 /dev/sda2 ext3 16G 3.5G 12G 24% / /dev/sda3 ext3 1.4G 35M 1.3G 3% /tmp /dev/sda1 ext3 99M 12M 83M 13% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 595M 0 595M 0% /dev/shm [root@night ~]#
我的硬件架構、內存、swap、磁盤分區都符合最小要求
7、檢查軟件環境，並安裝依賴的軟件包
7.1檢查系統內核，系統發佈版本
[root@night ~]# cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.18-164.el5 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 03:33:56 EDT 2009 [root@night ~]# uname -r 2.6.18-164.el5 [root@night ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.4 (Final) [root@night ~]#
以下是Oracle Database 11g 對系統內核的要求
For Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4:
2.6.9 or later
For Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5:
2.6.18 or later
For Oracle Linux 6:
2.6.32.100 or later
For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6:
2.6.32-71 or later
For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10:
2.6.16.21 or later
On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11:
2.6.27.19 or later
7.2安裝依賴的軟件包
Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5,CentOS Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 should be installed:
binutils-2.17.50.0.6、compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3、elfutils-libelf-0.125、elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125、
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125、gcc-4.1.2、gcc-c++-4.1.2、glibc-2.5-24、glibc-common-2.5、
glibc-devel-2.5、glibc-headers-2.5、kernel-headers-2.6.18、ksh-20060214、libaio-0.3.106、
libaio-devel-0.3.106 、libgcc-4.1.2、libgomp-4.1.2、libstdc++-4.1.2、 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2、
make-3.81、sysstat-7.0.2、libXp-1.0、pdksh、numactl-devel、cpp、nscd、unixODBC、unixODBC-devel
Oracle Linux 6, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 should be installed:
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6.i686、compat-libcap1-1.10-1.i686、compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686、
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686、
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686、ksh、libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686、libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686、
make-3.81-19.el6.i686、sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6.i686、unixODBC、unixODBC-devel
如果安裝ksh 不能通過的話，可以從版本5的盤上拷貝pdksh進行安裝
8、創建用戶和組
[root@night ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@night ~]# groupadd dba [root@night ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle [root@night ~]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@night ~]# id oracle uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh9、創建Oracle的安裝目錄，並且修改權限
[root@night ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app [root@night ~]# mkdir -p /u01/install [root@night ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/ [root@night ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/ [root@night ~]# ll -d /u01/ drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 07-23 16:41 /u01/ [root@night ~]# ll /u01/ 總計 16 drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 07-23 16:40 app drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 07-23 16:41 install [root@night ~]#10、配置Oracle用戶的環境變量
[root@night ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile內容如下
# .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin export PATH ####for oracle install export TMPDIR=/tmp export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product export ORACLE_SID=thinkdba export ORACLE_TERM=xterm export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_BASE:$ORACLE_HOME/bin ~切換Oracle用戶，使環境變量生效
[root@night ~]# su - oracle [oracle@night ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@night ~]$ env | grep ORACLE ORACLE_SID=thinkdba ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_TERM=xterm ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product [oracle@night ~]$查看PATH
[oracle@night ~]$ echo $PATH /usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/u01/app/oracle:/u01/app/oracle/product/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/u01/app/oracle:/u01/app/oracle/product/bin [oracle@night ~]$11、配置內核參數
[oracle@night ~]$ su - 口令： [root@night ~]# [root@night ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf內容如下
……（省略部分） # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall = 268435456 #######for oracle install fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 "/etc/sysctl.conf" 47L, 1328C設置生效
[root@night ~]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmall = 268435456 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 [root@night ~]#12、修改資源限制
[root@night ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf內容如下
……（省略部分） #@student - maxlogins 4 # End of file ##########for oracle install oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 1024013、修改pam認證
[root@night ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login內容如下
……（省略部分） session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke ########for oracle install session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so14、僞裝系統
Oracle Linux和RHEL系統不需要，此操作針對CentOS Linux系統
[root@night ~]# vim /etc/redhat-release內容如下
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 5(Final)如Oracl果是e Database 10g 則需要僞裝爲版本4
15、上傳Oracle Database 11g軟件包到Linux系統
上傳工具很多，只要支持sftp就可以，我個人喜好filezilla，最好使用Oracle賬戶上傳
16、用Oracle用戶登錄桌面系統，解壓Linux，並安裝
[oracle@night ~]$ cd /u01/install/ [oracle@night install]$ ls linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip [oracle@night install]$ [oracle@night install]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip ……（解壓過程省略） [oracle@night install]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip ……（解壓過程省略） [oracle@night install]$ ls database linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip [oracle@night install]$ [oracle@night install]$ du -sh ./ 4.4G ./ [oracle@night install]$ cd database/ [oracle@night database]$ ls doc install response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html [oracle@night database]$ pwd /u01/install/database [oracle@night database]$確認一切都正常後，開始執行安裝
17、安裝圖解
18、手動啓動Oracle數據庫
首先用Oracle用戶登錄
[root@night ~]# su - oracle [oracle@night ~]$ clear [oracle@night ~]$ env | grep ORACLE ORACLE_SID=thinkdba ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_TERM=xterm ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product [oracle@night ~]$ [oracle@night ~]$ clear [oracle@night ~]$ ps -ef | grep oracle root 3949 3900 0 15:54 pts/1 00:00:00 su - oracle oracle 3950 3949 0 15:54 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash oracle 3983 3950 0 15:54 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef oracle 3984 3950 0 15:54 pts/1 00:00:00 grep oracle [oracle@night ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 24 15:54:49 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn sys/ as sysdba Enter password: Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 481259520 bytes Fixed Size 1337352 bytes Variable Size 301991928 bytes Database Buffers 171966464 bytes Redo Buffers 5963776 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> !ps -ef | grep thinkdba oracle 4030 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_thinkdba oracle 4032 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_thinkdba oracle 4036 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_thinkdba oracle 4038 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_thinkdba oracle 4040 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_thinkdba oracle 4042 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_thinkdba oracle 4044 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_thinkdba oracle 4046 1 4 15:56 ? 00:00:03 ora_mman_thinkdba oracle 4048 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_thinkdba oracle 4050 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_thinkdba oracle 4052 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_thinkdba oracle 4054 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_thinkdba oracle 4056 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_thinkdba oracle 4058 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_thinkdba oracle 4060 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_thinkdba oracle 4062 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_thinkdba oracle 4064 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_thinkdba oracle 4111 3986 2 15:56 ? 00:00:01 oraclethinkdba (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))) oracle 4114 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_thinkdba oracle 4117 1 0 15:57 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_thinkdba oracle 4119 1 0 15:57 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_thinkdba oracle 4130 1 3 15:57 ? 00:00:00 ora_m003_thinkdba oracle 4136 1 0 15:57 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_thinkdba oracle 4138 3986 0 15:57 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -ef | grep thinkdba SQL>可以看到後臺進程已經啓動
19、手動啓動監聽
SQL> !lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 24-JUL-2013 16:02:20 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/night/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=night)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 24-JUL-2013 16:02:22 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 11 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/night/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=night)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully SQL>至此 全部完成， 隨筆記錄
