Python + selenium + requests實現12306全自動搶票及驗證碼破解加自動點擊功能

這篇文章主要介紹了Python + selenium + requests實現12306全自動搶票及驗證碼破解加自動點擊功能,需要的朋友可以參考下

測試結果： 

整個買票流程可以再快一點，不過爲了穩定起見，有些地方等待了一些時間

完整程序，拿去可用

整個程序分了三個模塊：購票模塊（主體）、驗證碼識別模塊、餘票查詢模塊

購票模塊：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By 
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC 
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException, ElementNotVisibleException
import time
import requests
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
from check_ticket import Check
from verify import Code
import json
class Buy_Ticket():
  def __init__(self, start_station, end_station, date, username, password, purpose):
    self.num = 1
    self.start = start_station
    self.end = end_station
    self.date = date
    self.username = username
    self.password = password
    self.purpose = purpose
    self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init'
    self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init'
  def login(self):
    browser.get(self.login_url)
    try:
      input_name = browser.find_element_by_id('username')
      input_pd = browser.find_element_by_id('password')
      button = browser.find_element_by_id('loginSub')
      time.sleep(1)
      input_name.send_keys(self.username)
      input_pd.send_keys(self.password)
      c = Code(browser)    #調用驗證碼識別模塊
      c.main()
      button.click()
      time.sleep(2)
      #等待頁面跳轉，如果驗證碼識別錯誤，就執行下面的while語句
      while browser.current_url == self.login_url + '#':
        c = Code(browser)
        c.main()
        button.click()
        time.sleep(2)
      #self.get_passenger()
      self.check()
    except NoSuchElementException:
      self.login()
  def check(self):
    #調用餘票查詢模塊
    check = Check(self.date, self.start, self.end, self.purpose)
    start_end = check.look_up_station()
    self.num = check.get_info()
    #cookie的添加，json.dumps把以漢字形式呈現的起始、終點站轉化成unicode編碼，可在審查元素裏查看cookie
    browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_fromStation', 'value':json.dumps(self.start).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[0]})
    browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_toStation', 'value':json.dumps(self.end).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[1]})
    browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_fromDate', 'value':self.date})
    browser.get(self.ticket_url)
    if self.purpose == '學生':
      btn = browser.find_element_by_id('sf2')
      time.sleep(1)
      btn.click()
    button = browser.find_element_by_id('query_ticket')
    time.sleep(1)
    button.click()
  def book_ticket(self):
    print('開始預訂車票...')
    #先查找出所有車次對應的預訂按鈕，再根據餘票查詢模塊返回的車次序號，點擊相應的預訂按鈕
    button = browser.find_elements_by_class_name('btn72')
    button[self.num-1].click()
    time.sleep(3)
    button2 = browser.find_element_by_id('normalPassenger_0') #按實際情況，可自行修改，這裏就選擇的第一個常用聯繫人，
                                  #第二個是normalPassenger_1，依此類推
    button2.click()
    button3 = browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id')
    time.sleep(1)
    button3.click()
    time.sleep(3) #等待頁面加載完畢，不然後面可能會報錯,等待時間自行決定
    try:
      button4 = browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id')
      button4.click()
    except ElementNotVisibleException:
      button4 = browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id')
      button4.click()
    print('車票預定成功！請在30分鐘內完成付款！')
  def main(self):
    self.login()
    self.book_ticket()
if __name__ == '__main__':
  begin = time.time()
  browser = webdriver.Chrome()
  b = Buy_Ticket('上海', '重慶', '2018-09-18', '賬號', '密碼', 'ADULT') #賬號、密碼自行修改
  b.main()
  end = time.time()
  print('總耗時：%d秒' % int(end-begin))
  #browser.close()

驗證碼識別模塊：

import requests
from PIL import Image
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
from io import BytesIO
class Code():
  def __init__(self, browser):
    self.browser = browser
    self.verify_url = 'http://littlebigluo.qicp.net:47720/'   #驗證碼識別網址，返回識別結果
    #確定驗證碼的位置
  def get_position(self):
    time.sleep(3)
    element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('touclick-img-par')
    time.sleep(2)
    location = element.location
    size = element.size
    position= (location['x'], location['y'], location['x'] + size['width'], location['y'] + size['height'])
    return position
    #截取整個網頁頁面
  def get_screenshot(self):
    screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
    screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot))
    return screenshot
    #從截取的網頁，裁剪出驗證碼圖片，並保存到本地
  def get_touclick_img(self, name = 'captcha.png'):
    position = self.get_position()
    print('驗證碼的位置:', position)
    screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
    captcha = screenshot.crop(position)
    captcha.save('captcha.png')
    #驗證碼解析
  def parse_img(self):
    files = {'file': open('captcha.png', 'rb')}       #打開保存到本地的驗證碼圖片
    response = requests.post(self.verify_url, files=files)
    num = response.text.split('<B>')[1].split('<')[0]
    print('驗證碼識別成功！圖片位置：%s' % num)
    try:
      if int(num):
        return [int(num)]
    except ValueError:
      num = list(map(int,num.split()))
      return num
    #識別結果num都以列表形式返回，方便後續驗證碼的點擊
    #實現驗證碼自動點擊
  def move(self):
    num = self.parse_img()
    try:
      element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('touclick-img-par')
      for i in num:
        if i <= 4:
          ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),73).click().perform()
        else :
          i -= 4
          ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),145).click().perform()
    except:
      print('元素不可選！')
  def main(self):
    self.get_touclick_img()
    self.move()

餘票查詢模塊：

 

import requests
from urllib.parse import urlencode
class Check():
  def __init__(self, date, start, end, purpose):
    self.base_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryA?'
    self.url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9018'
    self.date = date
    self.start_station = start
    self.end_station = end
    if purpose == '學生':
      self.purpose = '0X00'
    else:
      self.purpose = purpose
    #查找出車站的英文簡稱，用於構造cookie、完整的餘票查詢鏈接
  def look_up_station(self):
    response1 = requests.get(self.url)
    a = response1.text.split('@')
    a.pop(0)
    for each in a:
      i = each.split('|')
      if self.start_station == i[1]:
        self.start_station = i[2]
      elif self.end_station == i[1]:
        self.end_station = i[2]
    return [self.start_station, self.end_station]
  def get_info(self):
    start_end = self.look_up_station()
    #構造請求參數
    data = {
    'leftTicketDTO.train_date':self.date,
    'leftTicketDTO.from_station':start_end[0],
    'leftTicketDTO.to_station':start_end[1],
    'purpose_codes':self.purpose
    }
    url = self.base_url + urlencode(data)
    response = requests.get(url)
    json = response.json()
    maps = json['data']['map']
    count = 0    #用於對車次編號       
    for each in json['data']['result']:
      count += 1
      s = each.split('|')[3:]
      info = {
      'train':s[0],
      'start_end':maps[s[3]] + '-' + maps[s[4]],
      'time':s[5] + '-' + s[6],
      '歷時':s[7],
      '一等座':s[-5],
      '二等座':s[-6]
      }
      try:
        #餘票的結果有3種：有、一個具體的數字(如：18、6等)、無，判斷如果餘票是有或者一個具體的數字就直接輸出對應的車次信息，然後返回
        if info['二等座'] == '有' or int(info['二等座']):   
          print('[%d]' % count, info)
          return count
      except ValueError:
        continue   

總結

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