RESTful是一種互聯網應用程序的API設計理念:URL定位資源,用HTTP動詞(GET,POST,DELETE,DETC)描述操作。簡單的說:服務器上每一種資源,比如一個文件,一張圖片,一部電影,都有對應的url地址,如果我們的客戶端需要對服務器上的這個資源進行操作,就需要通過http協議執行相應的動作來操作它,比如進行獲取,更新,刪除等。
REST的原則:
(1)資源與URI
(2)統一資源接口
(3)資源的表述
(4)資源的鏈接
(5)狀態的轉移
本文基於Python開發,用httpbin模塊作爲測試服務器來講解
1.發送get請求
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pprint,requests def main(): response = requests.get( 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/get', params={'foo':'bar'} ) pprint.pprint(response.json()) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
執行後返回結果:
{'args': {'foo': 'bar'},
'headers': {'Accept': '*/*',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Host': '127.0.0.1:5000',
'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.18.4'},
'origin': '127.0.0.1',
'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/get?foo=bar'}
2.發送post請求
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pprint,requests def main(): response = requests.post( 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/post', params={'foo':'bar'} ) pprint.pprint(response.json()) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
返回結果:
{'args': {},
'data': '',
'files': {},
'form': {'foo': 'bar'},
'headers': {'Accept': '*/*',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Content-Length': '7',
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'Host': '127.0.0.1:5000',
'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.18.4'},
'json': None,
'origin': '127.0.0.1',
'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/post'}
3.發送json格式的post請求
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pprint,requests,json def main(): # 需要指明Content-Type response = requests.post( 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/post', json.dumps({'foo':'bar'}), headers={'Content-Type':'application/json'} ) pprint.pprint(response.json()) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
執行結果:
{'args': {},
'data': '{"foo": "bar"}',
'files': {},
'form': {},
'headers': {'Accept': '*/*',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Content-Length': '14',
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Host': '127.0.0.1:5000',
'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.18.4'},
'json': {'foo': 'bar'},
'origin': '127.0.0.1',
'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/post'}