python中使用xlwt操作excel非常方,和Java使用調框架apache poi相比這就是天堂啊
一.安裝xlwt模塊
pip3 install xlwt
二.簡單使用xlwt
import xlwt #導入模塊
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8') #創建workbook 對象
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1') #創建工作表sheet
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'hello') #往表中寫內容,第一各參數 行,第二個參數列,第三個參數內容
workbook.save('students.xls') #保存表爲students.xls
#在Java中使用poi操作excel 在創建workbook對象的時候就需要寫好表名,創建workbook對象完成後
#這個表就已經存在,但是使用xlwt 需要在最後調用保存的時候爲表命名,並且只有調入save方法後纔會#創建表三.爲內容設置style
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
#設置字體樣式
font = xlwt.Font()
#字體
font.name = 'Time New Roman'
#加粗
font.bold = True
#下劃線
font.underline = True
#斜體
font.italic = True
#創建style
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.font = font
#根據樣式創建workbook
worksheet.write(0, 1, 'world', style)
workbook.save('students.xls')四.合併單元格,使用xlwt 合併單元格時不用像poi通過style來設置,直接創建和並單元格就可以,
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
#通過worksheet調用merge()創建合併單元格
#第一個和第二個參數單錶行合併,第三個和第四個參數列合併,
#合併第0列到第2列的單元格
worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 2, 'first merge')
#合併第1行第2行第一列的單元格
worksheet.write_merge(0, 1, 0, 0, 'first merge')
workbook.save('students.xls')如果需要了解具體調合並單元格規則就自己試着合併,查看合併效果.才能清晰明瞭
五.設置單元格的對齊方式
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
alignment = xlwt.Alignment()
# 水平居中
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER
# 垂直居中
alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.alignment = alignment
#設置單元格寬度
worksheet.col(0).width = 6666
#設置單元格的高度
worksheet.row(0).height_mismatch = True
worksheet.row(0).height = 1000
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'hello world', style)
workbook.save('center.xls')
六.設置單元格調邊框
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
border = xlwt.Borders()
# DASHED虛線
# NO_LINE沒有
# THIN實線
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
# 設置顏色
border.left_coloure = 0x40b
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.right_colour = 0x40b
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.top_colour = 0x40b
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.bottom_colour = 0x40b
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.borders = border
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'love', style)
workbook.save('dashed.xls')
七.設置單元格邊框
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
border = xlwt.Borders()
# DASHED虛線
# NO_LINE沒有
# THIN實線
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.borders = border
worksheet.write(1, 1, 'love', style)
workbook.save('dashed.xls')八.設置單元格背景色
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
# 8 through 63
# 0 = Black, 1 = White,
# 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue,
# 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan,
# 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green,
# 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow ,
# almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta,
# 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray,
# 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...
pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 3
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.pattern = pattern
worksheet.write(1, 1, 'shit', style)
workbook.save('shit.xls')
九.設置字體顏色
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
font = xlwt.Font()
# 設置字體爲紅色
font.colour_index=xlwt.Style.colour_map['red']
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.font = font
worksheet.write(0, 1, 'world', style)
workbook.save('students.xls')遇到的問題:
1.PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'dashed.xls'
原因:測試寫入調時候文件被打開了,無法寫入,關閉文件後再寫入就ok了
2.TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
創建style的時候調錯對象將style = xlwt.Style()改爲
style = xlwt.XFStyle()