標籤: 前端 設計模式 命令模式 typescript Command
請仔細閱讀下面代碼,理解其中的設計理念。
命令模式
命令模式: 命令模式是一中封裝方法調用的方式,用來將行爲請求者和行爲實現者解除耦合。
實際場景
在軟件系統中,行爲請求者與行爲實現者通常是一種緊耦合的關係,但某些場合,比如需要對行爲進行記錄、撤銷或重做、事務等處理時,這種無法抵禦變化的緊耦合的設計就不太合適。
命令模式的結構
- Client 客戶
- Invoker 調用命令的對象
- Command 具體的命令
- Receiver 真正的命令執行對象
命令模式的例子
龜兔賽跑:
- 喜歡偷懶的兔子每個階段移動0-60米
- 持之以恆的烏龜每個階段移動10-50米
- 可以向右或者向左移動
- 每個階段可以回滾
- 輸出移動日誌
- 支持添加更多參賽者
套用命令模式的結構,我們得到
Command: 向右移動(支持取消操作)、 向左移動(支持取消操作)...
Receiver: 兔子、烏龜、...
定義基本類型
/* command-interface.ts */
// 命令接口
export interface ICommand {
execute: (step: number) => any
undo: () => any
}
/* target-interface.ts */
// 參賽隊員接口
export interface ITarget {
name: string
position: number
}
/* receiver-interface.ts */
// 接收者接口
export interface IRightReceiver {
moveRight: (step: number) => any;
rightUndo: () => any;
}
export interface ILeftReceiver {
moveLeft: (step: number) => any;
leftUndo: () => any;
}
/* command-class.ts */
// 命令類型
export enum CommandClass {
GO_RIGHT = 'GO_RIGHT',
GO_LEFT = 'GO_LEFT',
}
移動命令類
/* left-command.ts */
// 向左移動類
import { ILeftReceiver } from '../receiver-models/receiver-interface';
import { ICommand } from './command-interface';
export class LeftCommand implements ICommand {
protected receivers: ILeftReceiver[] = [];
public addReceiver (receiver: ILeftReceiver) {
this.receivers.push(receiver);
return this;
}
public removeReceiver (receiver: ILeftReceiver) {
const index = this.receivers.findIndex(item => item === receiver);
if (index !== -1) {
this.receivers.splice(index, 1);
}
}
public execute (step: number) {
this.receivers.map((receiver: ILeftReceiver) => {
receiver.moveLeft(step);
});
}
public undo () {
this.receivers.map((receiver: ILeftReceiver) => {
receiver.leftUndo();
});
}
}
/* right-command.ts */
// 向右移動類
import { IRightReceiver } from '../receiver-models/receiver-interface';
import { ICommand } from './command-interface';
export class RightCommand implements ICommand {
protected receivers: IRightReceiver[] = [];
public addReceiver (receiver: IRightReceiver) {
this.receivers.push(receiver);
return this;
}
public removeReceiver (receiver: IRightReceiver) {
const index = this.receivers.findIndex(item => item === receiver);
if (index !== -1) {
this.receivers.splice(index, 1);
}
}
public execute (step: number) {
this.receivers.map((receiver: IRightReceiver) => {
receiver.moveRight(step);
});
}
public undo () {
this.receivers.map((receiver: IRightReceiver) => {
receiver.rightUndo();
});
}
}
接受者類
/* rabbit-receiver.ts */
// 兔子
import { ILeftReceiver, IRightReceiver } from './receiver-interface';
import { ITarget } from './target-interface';
export class RabbitReceiver implements IRightReceiver, ILeftReceiver {
public rabbit: ITarget;
private rightLogs: number[] = [];
private leftLogs: number[] = [];
constructor (rabbit: ITarget) {
this.rabbit = rabbit;
}
private getPosition () {
console.log(`Now rabbit is at ${this.rabbit.position}`);
}
public moveRight (step: number) {
const moveStep = parseInt(Math.random() * 60) * step;
this.rabbit.position += moveStep;
this.rightLogs.unshift(moveStep);
console.log(`Rabbit move right ${moveStep}`);
this.getPosition();
}
public rightUndo () {
this.rabbit.position -= Number(this.rightLogs[0]);
this.rightLogs.shift();
this.getPosition();
}
public moveLeft (step: number) {
const moveStep = parseInt(Math.random() * 60) * step;
this.rabbit.position -= moveStep;
this.leftLogs.unshift(moveStep);
console.log(`Rabbit move left ${moveStep}`);
this.getPosition();
}
public leftUndo () {
this.rabbit.position += Number(this.leftLogs[0]);
this.leftLogs.shift();
this.getPosition();
}
}
/* turtle-receiver.ts */
// 烏龜
import { ILeftReceiver, IRightReceiver } from './receiver-interface';
import { ITarget } from './target-interface';
export class TurtleReceiver implements IRightReceiver, ILeftReceiver {
public turtle: ITarget;
private rightLogs: number[] = [];
private leftLogs: number[] = [];
constructor (turtle: ITarget) {
this.turtle = turtle;
}
private getPosition () {
console.log(`Now turtle is at ${this.turtle.position}`);
}
public moveRight (step: number) {
const moveStep = (parseInt(Math.random() * 30) + 10) * step;
this.turtle.position += moveStep;
this.rightLogs.unshift(moveStep);
console.log(`Turtle move right ${moveStep}`);
this.getPosition();
}
public rightUndo () {
this.turtle.position -= Number(this.rightLogs[0]);
this.rightLogs.shift();
this.getPosition();
}
public moveLeft (step: number) {
const moveStep = (parseInt(Math.random() * 30) + 10) * step;
this.turtle.position -= moveStep;
this.leftLogs.unshift(moveStep);
console.log(`Turtle move left ${moveStep}`);
this.getPosition();
}
public leftUndo () {
this.turtle.position += this.leftLogs[0](this.leftLogs[0]);
this.leftLogs.shift();
this.getPosition();
}
}
invoker
import { CommandClass } from './command-models/command-class';
import { LeftCommand } from './command-models/left-command';
import { RightCommand } from './command-models/right-command';
export class CommandLogModel {
id: number;
name: CommandClass;
step: number;
}
export class MoveInvoker {
private rightCommand: RightCommand;
private leftCommand: LeftCommand;
public logs: CommandLogModel[] = [];
constructor (commands: { rightCommand: RightCommand, leftCommand: LeftCommand }) {
this.rightCommand = commands.rightCommand;
this.leftCommand = commands.leftCommand;
}
public moveRight (step: number) {
console.log(`Do right command with step ${step}`);
this.rightCommand.execute(step);
this.logs.unshift({
id: Date.now(),
name: CommandClass.GO_RIGHT,
step: step
});
}
public moveLeft (step: number) {
console.log(`Do left command with step ${step}`);
this.leftCommand.execute(step);
this.logs.unshift({
id: Date.now(),
name: CommandClass.GO_LEFT,
step: step
});
}
public undo () {
console.log(`Do undo command`);
if (this.logs.length) {
const commandLog = this.logs[0];
switch (commandLog.name) {
case CommandClass.GO_RIGHT:
this.rightCommand.undo();
break;
case CommandClass.GO_LEFT:
this.leftCommand.undo();
break;
default:
}
this.logs.shift();
}
}
}
客戶
import { LeftCommand } from './command-models/left-command';
import { RightCommand } from './command-models/right-command';
import { MoveInvoker } from './move-invoker';
import { RabbitReceiver } from './receiver-models/rabbit-receiver';
import { ITarget } from './receiver-models/target-interface';
import { TurtleReceiver } from './receiver-models/turtle-receiver';
export class Client {
public rabbit: ITarget = {
name: 'rabbit',
position: 0
};
public turtle: ITarget = {
name: 'turtle',
position: 0
};
public invoker: MoveInvoker;
constructor () {
const rightCommand = new RightCommand();
const leftCommand = new LeftCommand();
rightCommand.addReceiver(new RabbitReceiver(this.rabbit)).addReceiver(new TurtleReceiver(this.turtle));
leftCommand.addReceiver(new RabbitReceiver(this.rabbit)).addReceiver(new TurtleReceiver(this.turtle));
this.invoker = new MoveInvoker({rightCommand, leftCommand});
}
public moveRight (step: number) {
this.invoker.moveRight(step);
return this;
}
public moveLeft (step: number) {
this.invoker.moveLeft(step);
return this;
}
public getLogs () {
const logs = this.invoker.logs;
logs.map((log) => console.log(`${log.name}-${log.step}`));
return this;
}
public undo () {
this.invoker.undo();
return this;
}
}
new Client().moveRight(1).moveRight(1).undo().moveRight(2);
執行結果
命令模式的利弊
利:
- 將行爲請求和行爲實現解耦。
- 新的命令可以很容易添加到系統中去。
弊:
- 使用命令模式可能會導致某些系統有過多的具體命令類。