以太坊聯盟鏈-多節點私鏈搭建手冊

修訂日期	姓名	郵箱
2018-09-23	brucefeng	[email protected]

一. 前言

這半個月都在處理其他的事情，沒來得及更新博客，今天看了下最近的博客訪問量增加不少，說明51CTO的小夥伴們對區塊鏈的興趣程度還是極大的，但是考慮到前面的幾篇文章更多的都是關注於開發層面，而作爲運維出身的筆者很清楚51CTO上面的大部分讀者還是運維同學，所以在中秋節到來之際，寫一篇運維同學比較感興趣也比較有興趣去學習的文章。

說實話，最近這大半年，區塊鏈的圈子一直非常火(我指的是技術圈子，跟業務無關)，不僅僅是區塊鏈開發方向，區塊鏈運維也是蠻緊俏的，因爲除了需要掌握傳統的DevOps技術之外(此處的傳統並不是老技術，特指運維必備技能統稱)，更要熟悉區塊鏈層面的相關軟件或者平臺，比如以太坊與超級賬本的私有化搭建與部署，當然現在最火爆的還是對以太坊的研究。

二. 環境配置

1.配置操作系統環境

本文的操作環境是在虛擬機上完成，共計三臺虛擬機(配置儘量高上去，如下這個配置挖礦太耗時)

主機名	IP地址	操作系統	內存/GB	CPU/核
nodeA.brucefeng.com	172.16.222.189	Ubuntu18.04 LTS	2	2
nodeB.brucefeng.com	172.16.222.190	Ubuntu18.04 LTS	2	2
nodeC.brucefeng.com	172.16.222.191	Ubuntu18.04 LTS	2	2

以nodeA爲例進行相關配置，其他節點配置操作相同

(1) 更新軟件源

根據自己需要選擇是否需要更換軟件源，此處用的是原生的即可。

$ sudo apt-get  update

(2) 安裝相關工具

sudo apt-get  install vim openssh-server ntp ntpdate make gcc net-tools  -y

(3) 配置主機名

$ sudo hostname nodeA.brucefeng.com

(4) 配置地址解析

$ vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1       localhost
172.16.222.189  nodeA.brucefeng.com
172.16.222.190  nodeB.brucefeng.com
172.16.222.191  nodeC.brucefeng.com

hostname --fqdn驗證

$ hostname -f        
nodeA.brucefeng.com

(5) 同步時間

• 修改時區

$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Shanghai" 

• 手動同步

$ sudo ntpdate time1.aliyun.com    

• 同步硬件時間

$ sudo hwclock  -w # 系統時間同步至硬件

手動設置完畢後，再通過如下方式進行ntp服務的配置，可以選擇現有或者自建的時間服務器

• 測試連通性

$ ntpdate -q time1.aliyun.com 
server 203.107.6.88, stratum 2, offset 0.050751, delay 0.06232
22 Sep 21:04:36 ntpdate[8082]: adjust time server 203.107.6.88 offset 0.050751 sec 

• 修改配置文件

$ sudo cp /etc/ntp.conf  /etc/ntp.conf_brucefeng_201809231208 #備份配置文件
$ sudo vim /etc/ntp.conf //修改配置文件

修改信息如下

# Use servers from the NTP Pool Project. Approved by Ubuntu Technical Board
# on 2011-02-08 (LP: #104525). See http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html for
# more information.
#pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst
#pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst
#pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst
#pool 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst

server time1.aliyun.com
server time2.aliyun.com
server time3.aliyun.com
server time4.aliyun.com
server time5.aliyun.com
server time6.aliyun.com
server time7.aliyun.com

• 啓動ntp服務

$ sudo systemctl  restart ntp  #啓動ntp服務

2.配置Golang環境

如下操作在三臺機器上均需要執行完畢

(1) 下載go安裝包

$ mkdir ethereum ;cd ethereum
$ wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.11.linux-amd64.tar.gz

(2) 解壓安裝包

$ sudo tar zxvf  go1.11.linux-amd64.tar.gz   -C /usr/local/

(3) 配置環境變量

$  mkdir -p ~/workspace/{src,pkg,bin} 
$ sudo cp  /etc/profile /etc/profile_brucefeng_201809231354
$ sudo vim /etc/profile 

添加如下配置

#Setting For Golang
export GOROOT="/usr/local/go"
export GOPATH="/home/ubuntu/workspace"
export GOBIN=$GOPATH/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

(4) 檢查配置

$ source /etc/profile
$ go env

出現如下信息表示安裝完畢

GOARCH="amd64"
GOBIN="/home/ubuntu/workspace/bin"
GOCACHE="/home/ubuntu/.cache/go-build"
GOEXE=""
GOFLAGS=""
GOHOSTARCH="amd64"
GOHOSTOS="linux"
GOOS="linux"
GOPATH="/home/ubuntu/workspace"
GOPROXY=""
......

三. 安裝部署

1.獲取源代碼

以太坊的源碼文件網址如下

https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum

可以選擇通過git clone或者下載zip包的方式進行源代碼的獲取,爲了方便起見，本文直接下載zip包上傳至三臺節點進行解壓部署。

(1) 下載源碼包

$ cd /home/ubuntu/ethereum
$ wget  https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/archive/master.zip

(2) 解壓源碼包

$ unzip master.zip
$ mkdir ~/workspace/github.com/
$ mv go-ethereum-master/   ~/workspace/github.com/go-ethereum
$ cd ~/workspace/github.com/go-ethereum ; make geth  #編譯安裝

(3) 添加環境變量

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

添加並修改如下信息

export GETH="$GOPATH/github.com/go-ethereum/build"
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GETH/bin

(4) 測試生效

$ source /etc/profile
$ geth --help

2.創建創世區塊

(1) 創建數據存儲目錄

$ mkdir -p /home/ubuntu/nodeA/data0
$ cd /home/ubuntu/nodeA

(2) 創世區塊配置文件genesis.json

{
"config": {
        "chainId": 66,
        "homesteadBlock": 0,
        "eip155Block": 0,
        "eip158Block": 0
    },
  "alloc"      : {},
  "coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "difficulty" : "0x20000",
  "extraData"  : "",
  "gasLimit"   : "0x2fefd8",
  "nonce"      : "0x0000000000000042",
  "mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "parentHash" :"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "timestamp"  : "0x00"
}

(3) 初始化創世區塊

$ geth  --datadir data0/  init genesis.json

3.啓動服務

$ geth --datadir data0/ --networkid 66 --nodiscover console

• nodiscover :設置爲不自動發現，用於控制聯盟鏈的節點加入
  

Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! 顯示啓動成功

4.節點通信

(1) 查看集羣節點

> admin.peers
[]

目前爲空狀態，表明未於其他節點進行通信。

(2) 獲取節點信息

> admin.nodeInfo.enode

分別在三個節點的console上執行命令，顯示如下:

NodeA

"enode://d0d6a32cacb349c8f8c92372dc3a1e118384720636519a46c14067a3b62f6cfa8549a8766ade0f91790ebdadfb44341e03c50a171b714070527be96ed037707e@[::]:30303?discport=0"

NodeB

"enode://d9fc148c9808fbfee7954bd3324bfdff42777de7d2545ac3c2357f05939dbd8ee153cd32320a05f4dbf18138007f743f3a2097b62e71c3c47bb3cf1559dd1328@[::]:30303?discport=0"

NodeC

"enode://246782d2429f4697e18009505989ed82c2c0a664aab96ed80b96e28be42b6d9e2d11b27806ea43e46fddfcb3e9a41e9df4889636f51e3dadc0c937b0735d0bdc@[::]:30303?discport=0"

(3)將NodeB加入NodeA

在NodeA節點上執行如下命令

>admin.addPeer("enode://d9fc148c9808fbfee7954bd3324bfdff42777de7d2545ac3c2357f05939dbd8ee153cd32320a05f4dbf18138007f743f3a2097b62e71c3c47bb3cf1559dd1328@172.16.222.190:30303")

返回true表示加入成功

注意點

• 將[::]修改爲正確節點的IP地址(此處不支持DNS解析的域名)
• 刪除discport=0

(4) 查看新加入的節點

> admin.peers

在NodeA節點上執行如下命令

通過查看localAddress跟remoteAddress查看節點關聯信息。

在NodeB節點上執行如下命令

在NodeC節點上執行如下命令

> admin.peers
[]

(5) 將NodeC加入NodeA與NodeB

在NodeA節點上執行如下命令

>admin.addPeer("enode://246782d2429f4697e18009505989ed82c2c0a664aab96ed80b96e28be42b6d9e2d11b27806ea43e46fddfcb3e9a41e9df4889636f51e3dadc0c937b0735d0bdc@172.16.222.191:30303")

在NodeB節點上執行如下命令

>admin.addPeer("enode://246782d2429f4697e18009505989ed82c2c0a664aab96ed80b96e28be42b6d9e2d11b27806ea43e46fddfcb3e9a41e9df4889636f51e3dadc0c937b0735d0bdc@172.16.222.191:30303")

(6) 查看節點加入信息

在NodeA節點上執行如下命令

在NodeB節點上執行如下命令

在NodeC節點上執行如下命令

注意: 節點關機後，會自動被刪除，節點重新啓動後，會自動加入節點集羣,但是如果所有節點全部斷掉，則需要重新添加。

四.轉賬測試

1.創建賬戶

(1) 查看當前節點上的賬戶

> personal.listAccounts

或者

> eth.accounts

(2) 創建新賬戶

> personal.newAccount("brucefeng1991")
"0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed"
> personal.newAccount("brucefeng1992")
"0xc4f132a71da05257a71ae5872beabd12c50dbb81"

(3) 查看創建的賬戶

> personal.listAccounts
["0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed",
"0xc4f132a71da05257a71ae5872beabd12c50dbb81"]

查看賬戶地址

> personal.listWallets

(4) 查看挖礦賬戶

> eth.coinbase
INFO [09-23|18:17:20.246] Etherbase automatically configured       address=0xcD3d95c64394452313b539a1f2dE54Eab2B80eEd
"0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed"

默認情況下，平臺會選擇創建的第一個賬戶作爲挖礦賬戶(coinbase)，可以通過miner.setEthbase()進行coinbase賬戶的設置。

2.挖礦測試

注意：在執行挖礦命令之前，務必在節點上面設置挖礦賬戶(coinbase)，否則會報錯Error: etherbase missing: etherbase must be explicitly specified

(1) 賬戶信息

NodeA

["0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed", "0xc4f132a71da05257a71ae5872beabd12c50dbb81"]

NodeB

["0x22160d844b4016ed8f45ce63c405de72b1946696", "0x23e80b2f1f74fc6da4bcb015d17ed642bcc98c06"]

NodeC

["0xa37539c0f41fea23c81f65b196df825202bc3bb5", "0x3c9cdb2f29606a0b35ae95b51521a41bb5b48e27"]

(2) 直接挖礦

> miner.start()

INFO [09-23|18:57:41.223] Updated mining threads                   threads=6
INFO [09-23|18:57:41.223] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=1000000000
null
> INFO [09-23|18:57:41.225] Commit new mining work                   number=1 sealhash=b16ebe…9b0094 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=794.985µs
> INFO [09-23|18:57:52.671] Successfully sealed new block            number=1 sealhash=b16ebe…9b0094 hash=082473…eb94b6 elapsed=11.446s
INFO [09-23|18:57:52.671] ined potential block                  number=1 hash=082473…eb94b6
INFO [09-23|18:57:52.672] Commit new mining work                   number=2 sealhash=7a67a7…3c98aa uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=1.062ms
INFO [09-23|18:57:55.115] Successfully sealed new block            number=2 sealhash=7a67a7…3c98aa hash=c5cd53…c3e66b elapsed=2.443s
INFO [09-23|18:57:55.115] ined potential block                  number=2 hash=c5cd53…c3e66b
INFO [09-23|18:57:55.116] Commit new mining work                   number=3 sealhash=cc1414…f36ad7 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=343.53µs
INFO [09-23|18:57:55.166] Successfully sealed new block            number=3 sealhash=cc1414…f36ad7 hash=765d41…03ce17 elapsed=50.270ms
INFO [09-23|18:57:55.166] ined potential block                  number=3 hash=765d41…03ce17
INFO [09-23|18:57:55.167] Commit new mining work                   number=4 sealhash=cb5122…e36b2c uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=718.996µs
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.048] Successfully sealed new block            number=4 sealhash=cb5122…e36b2c hash=ab1e6d…03b40b elapsed=2.881s
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.048] ined potential block                  number=4 hash=ab1e6d…03b40b
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.049] Commit new mining work                   number=5 sealhash=0dd5ab…5d47d9 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=159.

注意:儘量將虛擬機的配置調高一點，否則會出現以下這些信息，耗時非常久。

INFO [09-23|18:48:45.223] Updated mining threads                   threads=2
INFO [09-23|18:48:45.229] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=1000000000
INFO [09-23|18:48:45.230] Etherbase automatically configured       address=0x22160D844B4016eD8f45cE63C405DE72B1946696
null
> INFO [09-23|18:48:45.236] Commit new mining work                   number=1 sealhash=88e805…da6df6 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=4.290ms
INFO [09-23|18:48:48.930] Generating DAG in progress               epoch=0 percentage=0 elapsed=2.961s
INFO [09-23|18:48:51.895] Generating DAG in progress               epoch=0 percentage=1 elapsed=5.926s
INFO [09-23|18:48:54.739] Generating DAG in progress               epoch=0 percentage=2 elapsed=8.770s
..........無盡的等待.........
INFO [09-23|18:53:50.638] Generated ethash verification cache      epoch=0 elapsed=5m4.669s
INFO [09-23|18:54:08.357] Generating DAG in progress               epoch=1 percentage=0  elapsed=15.480s
INFO [09-23|18:54:19.874] Generating DAG in progress               epoch=1 percentage=1  elapsed=26.997s
INFO [09-23|18:54:29.911] Generating DAG in progress               epoch=1 percentage=2  elapsed=37.034s
..........無盡的等待.........
WARN [09-23|18:57:57.836] Discarded bad propagated block           number=1 hash=082473…eb94b6
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.398] Block synchronisation started 
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.404] Mining aborted due to sync 
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.611] Imported new state entries               count=1 elapsed=1.352ms   processed=1 pending=0 retry=0 duplicate=0 unexpected=0
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.870] Imported new block headers               count=4 elapsed=95.436ms  number=4 hash=ab1e6d…03b40b
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.889] Imported new chain segment               blocks=4 txs=0 mgas=0.000 elapsed=16.862ms  mgasps=0.000 number=4 hash=ab1e6d…03b40b cache=849.00B
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.892] Imported new block headers               count=1 elapsed=20.452ms  number=5 hash=75e595…4e4cc2
INFO [09-23|18:57:58.893] Imported new chain segment               blocks=1 txs=0 mgas=0.000 elapsed=316.348µs mgasps=0.000 number=5 hash=7
..........無盡的等待.........
INFO [09-23|19:07:35.250] Generated ethash verification cache      epoch=1 elapsed=13m42.368s
INFO [09-23|19:09:28.613] Successfully sealed new block            number=37 sealhash=95e0e0…ad356d hash=7506d6…015be8 elapsed=10m54.093s
INFO [09-23|19:09:28.614] ined potential block                  number=37 hash=7506d6…015be8
INFO [09-23|19:09:28.619] Commit new mining work                   number=38 sealhash=96b6b0…b3d462 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=662.942µs
INFO [09-23|19:12:33.104] Successfully sealed new block            number=38 sealhash=96b6b0…b3d462 hash=a91e1b…a15902 elapsed=3m4.484s
INFO [09-23|19:12:33.105] ined potential block                  number=38 hash=a91e1b…a15902
INFO [09-23|19:12:33.107] Commit new mining work                   number=39 sealhash=6bf2a3…0d8be3 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=2.170ms

(3) 停止挖礦

> miner.stop()

3.查詢餘額

NodeA

coinbase賬戶: 0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed

> eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase)
180000000000000000000

或者

> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
180000000000000000000

或者對結果進行單位轉換

>  web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]),'ether')
180

NodeB查詢NodeA的coinbase賬戶

> eth.getBalance("0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed")
180000000000000000000

NodeC查詢NodeA的coinbase賬戶

> eth.getBalance("0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed")
180000000000000000000

同樣，在NodeA和NodeC上面同樣可以查詢NodeB上面賬號地址的餘額。

4.交易轉賬

場景: NodeA(原有額度:180)的挖礦地址向NodeB(原有額度:10)的挖礦地址轉入2 ETH

(1) 解鎖賬戶

在進行交易轉賬之前，我們需要對交易轉出方的賬戶進行解鎖操作。

NodeA上執行命令

> personal.unlockAccount("0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed")
Unlock account 0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed
Passphrase: 
true

(2) 設置轉賬金額

將ETH轉成Wei進行交易

> transferAmount= web3.toWei(2,'ether')
"2000000000000000000"

(3) 執行轉賬

>eth.sendTransaction({from:"0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed",to:"0x22160d844b4016ed8f45ce63c405de72b1946696",value:transferAmount})

返回結果

INFO [09-23|20:13:20.968] Setting new local account                address=0xcD3d95c64394452313b539a1f2dE54Eab2B80eEd
INFO [09-23|20:13:20.968] Submitted transaction                    fullhash=0xd115c9ccfb1bfcc92faaf3ef6fae34ba670ef68cb03807d82d943141851985ce recipient=0x22160D844B4016eD8f45cE63C405DE72B1946696
"0xd115c9ccfb1bfcc92faaf3ef6fae34ba670ef68cb03807d82d943141851985ce"

(4) 查詢交易池狀態

> txpool.status
{
  pending: 1,
  queued: 0
}

(5) 執行挖礦

指定只挖一個區塊

> miner.start()  ; admin.sleepBlocks(1),miner.stop()

(6) 查看結果

• 查看交易池

> txpool.status

{
  pending: 0,
  queued: 0
}

• 查看餘額

NodeB的CoinBase賬戶餘額

> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance("0x22160d844b4016ed8f45ce63c405de72b1946696"),'ether')
12

五.合約部署

用於測試的合約，我們可以沿用上一篇博客《以太坊智能合約項目-Token合約開發與部署中定義的Token合約。

pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

contract EIP20Interface{
    //獲取_owner地址的餘額
    function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 balance);
    //轉賬:從自己賬戶向_to地址轉入_value個Token
    function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value)public returns (bool success);

    //轉賬:從_from向_to轉_value個Token
    function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success);
    //允許_spender從自己(調用方)賬戶轉走_value個Token
    function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) returns (bool success);
    //自己_owner查詢__spender地址可以轉走自己多少個Token
    function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) view returns (uint256 remaining);

    //轉賬的時候必須要調用的時間，比如Tranfer,TransferFrom
    event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 _value);
    //成功執行approve方法後調用的事件
    event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint256 _value);
}

contract BFCToken is EIP20Interface {
    //1.獲取token名字，比如"BruceFeng Coin"
    string public name;
     //2.獲取Token簡稱,比如"BFC"
    string public symbol;
    //3.獲取小數位，比如以太坊的decimals爲18
    uint8 public decimals;
     //4.獲取token發佈的總量，比如HT 5億
    uint256 public totalSupply;

    mapping(address=>uint256) balances ;

    mapping(address=>mapping(address=>uint256)) allowances;
    function BFCToken(string _name,string _symbol, uint8 _decimals,uint256 _totalSupply) public{       
    name = _name;
    symbol = _symbol;
    decimals = _decimals;
    totalSupply = _totalSupply;
    balances[msg.sender] = _totalSupply;
    }

    //獲取_owner地址的餘額
    function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 balance){
        return balances[_owner];
    }
    //轉賬:從自己賬戶向_to地址轉入_value個Token
    function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value)public  returns (bool success){
        require(_value >0 && balances[_to] + _value > balances[_to] && balances[msg.sender] > _value);
        balances[_to] += _value;
        balances[msg.sender] -= _value;
        Transfer(msg.sender, _to,_value);

        return true;
    }

    //轉賬:從_from向_to轉_value個Token
    function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success){
        uint256 allowan = allowances[_from][_to];
        require(allowan > _value && balances[_from] >= _value && _to == msg.sender && balances[_to] + _value>balances[_to]);
        allowances[_from][_to] -= _value;
        balances[_from] -= _value;
        balances[_to] += _value;
        Transfer(_from,_to,_value);
        return true;
    }
    //允許_spender從自己(調用方)賬戶轉走_value個Token
    function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) returns (bool success){
        require(_value >0 && balances[msg.sender] > _value);
        allowances[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
        Approval(msg.sender,_spender,_value);
        return true;
    }
    //自己_owner查詢_spender地址可以轉走自己多少個Token
    function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) view returns (uint256 remaining){
        return allowances[_owner][_spender];
    }

}

1.獲取信息

(1) 獲取合約的ABI信息

[
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "name",
        "outputs": [
            {
                "name": "",
                "type": "string"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": false,
        "inputs": [
            {
                "name": "_spender",
                "type": "address"
            },
            {
                "name": "_value",
                "type": "uint256"
            }
        ],
        "name": "approve",
        "outputs": [
            {
                "name": "success",
                "type": "bool"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "totalSupply",
        "outputs": [
            {
                "name": "",
                "type": "uint256"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": false,
        "inputs": [
            {
                "name": "_from",
                "type": "address"
            },
            {
                "name": "_to",
                "type": "address"
            },
            {
                "name": "_value",
                "type": "uint256"
            }
        ],
        "name": "transferFrom",
        "outputs": [
            {
                "name": "success",
                "type": "bool"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "decimals",
        "outputs": [
            {
                "name": "",
                "type": "uint8"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [
            {
                "name": "_owner",
                "type": "address"
            }
        ],
        "name": "balanceOf",
        "outputs": [
            {
                "name": "balance",
                "type": "uint256"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "symbol",
        "outputs": [
            {
                "name": "",
                "type": "string"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": false,
        "inputs": [
            {
                "name": "_to",
                "type": "address"
            },
            {
                "name": "_value",
                "type": "uint256"
            }
        ],
        "name": "transfer",
        "outputs": [
            {
                "name": "success",
                "type": "bool"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [
            {
                "name": "_owner",
                "type": "address"
            },
            {
                "name": "_spender",
                "type": "address"
            }
        ],
        "name": "allowance",
        "outputs": [
            {
                "name": "remaining",
                "type": "uint256"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "inputs": [
            {
                "name": "_name",
                "type": "string"
            },
            {
                "name": "_symbol",
                "type": "string"
            },
            {
                "name": "_decimals",
                "type": "uint8"
            },
            {
                "name": "_totalSupply",
                "type": "uint256"
            }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
        "type": "constructor"
    },
    {
        "anonymous": false,
        "inputs": [
            {
                "indexed": true,
                "name": "_from",
                "type": "address"
            },
            {
                "indexed": true,
                "name": "_to",
                "type": "address"
            },
            {
                "indexed": false,
                "name": "_value",
                "type": "uint256"
            }
        ],
        "name": "Transfer",
        "type": "event"
    },
    {
        "anonymous": false,
        "inputs": [
            {
                "indexed": true,
                "name": "_owner",
                "type": "address"
            },
            {
                "indexed": true,
                "name": "_spender",
                "type": "address"
            },
            {
                "indexed": false,
                "name": "_value",
                "type": "uint256"
            }
        ],
        "name": "Approval",
        "type": "event"
    }
]

通過http://www.bejson.com/zhuanyi/進行JSON壓縮後的結果如下

[{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_spender","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"approve","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_from","type":"address"},{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"decimals","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint8"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"}],"name":"balanceOf","outputs":[{"name":"balance","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"name":"_spender","type":"address"}],"name":"allowance","outputs":[{"name":"remaining","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"name":"_name","type":"string"},{"name":"_symbol","type":"string"},{"name":"_decimals","type":"uint8"},{"name":"_totalSupply","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"_from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"_spender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"}]

在NodeA上執行命令,將以上ABI壓縮字段複製給ABI變量

> ABI = [{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_spender","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"approve","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_from","type":"address"},{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"decimals","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint8"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"}],"name":"balanceOf","outputs":[{"name":"balance","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"name":"_spender","type":"address"}],"name":"allowance","outputs":[{"name":"remaining","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"name":"_name","type":"string"},{"name":"_symbol","type":"string"},{"name":"_decimals","type":"uint8"},{"name":"_totalSupply","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"_from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"_spender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"}]

(2) 獲取合約對象

bruceToken = eth.contract(ABI)

(3) 獲取合約二進制代碼

通過BYTECODE獲取Object信息

賦值的時候，切記在前面加上0x

> bruceHEX = "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"

2.執行部署

(1) 實例化Token合約

中秋節Token發給大家，祝大家中秋節快樂 :-)

bruceTokenBZQJT = bruceToken.new("Brucefeng ZHONGQIU Token ","BZQJT",18,8888000000000000000000,{from:eth.accounts[0],data:bruceHEX,gas:3000000})

參數信息

• name : "Brucefeng ZHONGQIU Token "
• symbol: BZQJT"
• decimals: 18
• totalSupply: 8888000000000000000000

記錄下如下信息即可

• 交易Hash: 0xe8118238fc7eeec6a8e3e07d8877b480fbe06716add30aa2cf4a5fa5629e1b3a
• 合約地址: 0xc191EceD0ddf7D9aE883E24Ff6ed5fd6004c718F

(2) 打包交易，執行挖礦

查看交易池信息

> txpool.status
{
  pending: 1,
  queued: 0
}
> 

執行挖礦

miner.start()  ; admin.sleepBlocks(1),miner.stop()

3.測試合約

因爲針對於合約的測試，在本文中並非是重點，所以，此處只進行簡單的測試

(1) Token參數值

> bruceTokenBZQJT.name()
"Brucefeng ZHONGQIU Token "

> bruceTokenBZQJT.symbol()
"BZQJT"

> bruceTokenBZQJT.decimals()
18

> bruceTokenBZQJT.totalSupply()
8.888e+21

(2) Token轉賬操作

從當前NodeA的coinbase賬戶轉賬0.8箇中秋Token到NodeB的coinbase賬戶

>bruceTokenBZQJT.transfer("0x22160d844b4016ed8f45ce63c405de72b1946696",800000000000000000,{from:eth.accounts[0],data:bruceHEX,gas:3000000})

查看NodeA,NodeB的coinbase賬戶中中秋Token的餘額

4.節點同步

此處的節點同步並非同步合約到其他節點，合約在一臺節點上部署完畢後，所有節點均已經同步，此處的節點同步代指在其他節點上面想要對合約進行相關的操作時需要準備的操作。

(1) 獲取合約信息

• 獲取合約的ABI信息

• 獲取合約對象

• 獲取合約的二進制代碼

以上三個步驟直接參照上文進行變量定義即可,只是不需要執行執行部署的操作了。

(2) 獲取合約實例

通過合約地址直接可以獲取合約實例

> TokenNodeB = bruceToken.at("0xc191EceD0ddf7D9aE883E24Ff6ed5fd6004c718F")

此時，可以在新的節點上面對合約進行任意功能內的測試與使用了。

六.附錄

1. 創世區塊配置文件參數說明

參數名	說明
chainId	指定獨立的區塊鏈網絡ID，1-4爲保留ID，其中1爲主網ID，其餘爲測試網
alloc	用來設置賬號以及賬號的以太幣數量，私有鏈可以不進行設置
coinbase	用於獲取挖礦獎勵的礦工賬號
difficulty	設置挖礦的難度係數
extraData	附加信息，自定義即可
gasLimit	設置對gas的消耗總量的限制,私有鏈中可以填寫任意數值(大數值)
nonce	用於進行挖礦的隨機數
mixhash	與nonce配合使用，用於挖礦
parentHash	上一個區塊的Hash值，由於該區塊爲創世區塊，所以父Hash值爲0
timestamp	時間戳

data0目錄中的相關文件列表

• chaindata : 存儲區塊數據
• keystore: 存儲賬戶數據

2. 私鏈服務啓動常見參數說明

參數名	說明
identity	用於標識區塊鏈的名稱
init	用於指定創世區塊的位置，並且創建創世區塊以及相關目錄結構
datadir	設置當前區塊鏈網絡數據存放的位置
port	區塊鏈啓動的監聽端口，默認爲30303
rpc	啓用RPC服務，可以用於智能合約的部署與調試，默認監聽127.0.0.1,端口爲8545
rpcapi	設置RPC提供的API接口類型，一般爲db,eth.net.web3
networkid	設置當前區塊鏈的網絡ID
nodiscover	設置節點不被自動發現，用於控制節點的加入
console	啓用命令行模式，用於執行命令
help	幫助命令，所有參數的彙總

3.控制檯命令說明

以太坊提供了一個交互式的JavaScript環境，可以在該環境中進行命令或者代碼的執行操作，其中一些常用的以太坊JavaScript對象可以直接被調用。

對象名	說明
eth	操作區塊鏈相關的方法
eth.accounts	查看當前系統中的所有賬戶地址
eth.getBalance()	查詢賬戶餘額，返回單位爲Wei(1 ether=10^18Wei)
eth.blockNumber	列出區塊總數
eth.getTransaction()	獲取指定交易的狀態信息
eth.getBlock()	獲取指定區塊的信息
net	用於查看p2p網絡狀態
admin	管理節點相關的方法
admin.peers	查看通訊的節點信息
admin.addPeer()	添加通訊P2P節點
miner	啓動/停止挖礦相關方法
personal	用於管理賬戶
personal.newAccount()	創建賬戶
personal.unlockAccount()	解鎖賬戶
txpool	查看交易池信息, txpool.status()
web3	包含了以上對象以及單位換算等方法
web3.fromWei()	Wei換算成ether或者其他單位
web3.toWei()	將ether或者其他單位換算成Wei