MySQL的主從同步是一個很成熟的架構：優點爲：
①在從服務器可以執行查詢工作(即我們常說的讀功能)，降低主服務器壓力
②在從主服務器進行備份，避免備份期間影響主服務器服務
③當主服務器出現問題時，可以切換到從服務器
一、實驗環境
1、IP與主機名
192.168.10.51 db1.linuxbrother.com master
192.168.10.52 db2.linuxbrother.com slave
2、所需軟件
mysql-5.1.63.tar.gz
3、安裝gcc和相應的依賴包
[root@db1 ~]# yum -y install gcc ncurses-devel
4、數據庫目錄及其它
my.cnf配置文件 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
mysql數據庫位置 /usr/local/mysql/data/
socket位置 /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
二、Master配置
1、安裝Mysql
[root@db1 ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.63.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@db1 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@db1 ~]# cd /usr/src/mysql-5.1.63/
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# vim configure #把下面行註釋掉
52297 # $RM "$cfgfile"
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase --with-mysqld-user=mysql
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# make
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# make install
2、配置Mysql
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# chown -R root.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# ldconfig
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# echo "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# source /etc/profile
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/tmp
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql/tmp/
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf #修改socket位置
socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf &
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# mysql -uroot -p --socket=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.1.63-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'backup'@'192.168.10.52' identified by 'backuppwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 265 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、打包主庫遷移數據
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@db1 mysql]# tar -zcf data0708.tar.gz ./data/
三、Slave配置
安裝過程如上，步驟省略......
[root@db2 mysql-5.1.63]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf #修改server-id
server-id = 2
將主數據庫備份數據拷貝過來並解壓到相應的目錄
[root@db2 mysql-5.1.63]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf &
[root@db2 mysql-5.1.63]# mysql -uroot -p --socket=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.63-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.10.51',master_user='backup',master_password='backuppwd',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=265;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
......
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
......
四、驗證
1、在Master上面操作
[root@db1 mysql-5.1.63]# mysql -uroot -p --socket=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
mysql> create database mysqltest;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysqltest;
Database changed
mysql> create table user (id int(5),name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into user values (0001,'xieping');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into user values (0002,'huxinxin');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into user values (0003,'dingpeng');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
2、在Slave上操作
[root@db2 mysql-5.1.63]# mysql -uroot -p --socket=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| mysqltest |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> select id,name from mysqltest.user;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | xieping |
| 2 | huxinxin |
| 3 | dingpeng |
+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)