原文地址：zabbix優化指南作者：polygun2000
本文是我綜合了參考資料中的一大堆東西捏在一起的，單純是翻譯整理了一下，另外配了一些圖，其他基本沒有什麼原創內容。
1.如何度量Zabbix性能
通過Zabbix的NVPS(每秒處理數值數)來衡量其性能。
在Zabbix的dashboard上有一個錯略的估值。
在4核CPU，6GB內存，RAID10(帶有寫入緩存)這樣的配置條件下,Zabbix可以處理每分鐘1M個數值,大約每秒15000個。
2.性能低下的可見症兆
zabbix隊列中有太多被延遲的item: Administration-> Queue
zabbix繪圖中經常性出現斷檔，一些item沒有數據
帶有nodata()函數的觸發器出現false
前端頁面無響應
3.哪些因素造成Zabbix性能低下
因素
慢
快
數據庫大小
巨大
適應內存大小
觸發器表達式的複雜程度
Min(),max(),avg()
Last(),nodata()
數據收集方法
輪訊(SNMP,無代理,Passive代理)
Trapping(active代理)
數據類型
文本，字符串
數值
前端用戶數量
多
少
主機數量也是影響性能的主要因素
4.瞭解Zabbix工作狀態
獲得zabbix內部狀態
zabbix[wcache,values,all]
zabbix[queue,1m] ----延遲超過1分鐘的item
獲得zabbix內部組件工作狀態(該組件處於BUSY狀態的時間百分比)
zabbix[process,type,mode,state]
其中可用的參數爲:
type: trapper,discoverer,escalator,alerter,etc
mode: avg,count,min,max
state: busy,idel
5.Zabbix調優大的原則性建議
確保zabbix內部組件性能處於被監控狀態(調優的基礎！)
使用硬件性能足夠好的服務器
不同角色分開，使用各自獨立的服務器
使用分佈式部署
調整MySQL性能
調整Zabbix自身配置
6.Zabbix數據庫調優
a.使用專用數據服務器，配置應該較高
給一個參考配置，可以處理NVPS爲3000
Dell PowerEdge R610
CPU:Intel Xeon L5520 2.27GHz (16 cores)
Memory: 24GB RAM
Disks:6x SAS 10k 配置 RAID10
b.每個table一個文件,修改my.cnf
innodb_file_per_table=1
c.使用percona替代MySQL
d.使用分區表，關閉Houerkeeper
關閉Houserkeeper,zabbix_server.conf
DisableHousekeeper=1
step1.準備相關表
ALTERTABLE `acknowledges` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `acknowledgedid`(`acknowledgeid`);
ALTERTABLE `alerts` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `alertid`(`alertid`);
ALTERTABLE `auditlog` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `auditid`(`auditid`);
ALTERTABLE `events` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `eventid`(`eventid`);
ALTERTABLE `service_alarms` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD KEY `servicealarmid`(`servicealarmid`);
ALTERTABLE `history_log` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD PRIMARY KEY(`itemid`,`id`,`clock`);
ALTERTABLE `history_log` DROP KEY `history_log_2`;
ALTERTABLE `history_text` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD PRIMARY KEY(`itemid`,`id`,`clock`);
ALTERTABLE `history_text` DROP KEY `history_text_2`;
step2.設置每月的分區
以下步驟請在第一步的所有表中重複，下例是爲events表創建2011-5到2011-12之間的月度分區。
ALTERTABLE `events` PARTITION BY RANGE( clock ) (
PARTITION p201105 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-06-01 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p201106 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-07-01 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p201107 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-08-01 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p201108 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-09-01 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p201109 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-10-01 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p201110 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-11-01 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p201111 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-12-01 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p201112 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2012-01-01 00:00:00"))
);
step3.設置每日的分區
以下步驟請在第一步的所有表中重複，下例是爲history_uint表創建5.15到5.22之間的每日分區。
ALTERTABLE `history_uint` PARTITION BY RANGE( clock ) (
PARTITION p20110515 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-16 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p20110516 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-17 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p20110517 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-18 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p20110518 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-19 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p20110519 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-20 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p20110520 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-21 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p20110521 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-22 00:00:00")),
PARTITION p20110522 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-23 00:00:00"))
);
手動維護分區：
增加新分區
ALTERTABLE `history_uint` ADD PARTITION (
PARTITION p20110523 VALUES LESS THAN(UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2011-05-24 00:00:00"))
);
刪除分區(使用Housekeepeing)
ALTERTABLE `history_uint` DROP PARTITION p20110515;
step4.自動每日分區
確認已經在step3的時候爲history表正確創建了分區。
以下腳本自動drop和創建每日分區,默認只保留最近3天,如果你需要更多天的，請修改
@mindays 這個變量。
不要忘記將這條命令加入到你的cron中！
mysql-B -h localhost -u zabbix -pPASSWORD zabbix -e "CALLcreate_zabbix_partitions();"
自動創建分區的腳本:
https://github.com/xsbr/zabbixzone/blob/master/zabbix-mysql-autopartitioning.sql
DELIMITER //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`create_zabbix_partitions` //
CREATE PROCEDURE`zabbix`.`create_zabbix_partitions` ()
BEGIN
CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history");
CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_log");
CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_str");
CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_text");
CALLzabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_uint");
CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history");
CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_log");
CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_str");
CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_text");
CALLzabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_uint");
END //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`create_next_partitions` //
CREATE PROCEDURE`zabbix`.`create_next_partitions` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64),TABLENAME varchar(64))
BEGIN
DECLARE NEXTCLOCK timestamp;
DECLARE PARTITIONNAMEvarchar(16);
DECLARE CLOCK int;
SET @totaldays = 7;
SET @i = 1;
createloop: LOOP
SET NEXTCLOCK = DATE_ADD(NOW(),INTERVAL @iDAY);
SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT(NEXTCLOCK, 'p%Y%m%d' );
SET CLOCK =UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(DATE_ADD( NEXTCLOCK ,INTERVAL 1DAY),'%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));
CALL zabbix.create_partition( SCHEMANAME,TABLENAME, PARTITIONNAME, CLOCK );
SET @i=@i+1;
IF @i > @totaldaysTHEN
LEAVE createloop;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`drop_old_partitions` //
CREATE PROCEDURE`zabbix`.`drop_old_partitions` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAMEvarchar(64))
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDCLOCK timestamp;
DECLARE PARTITIONNAMEvarchar(16);
DECLARE CLOCK int;
SET @mindays = 3;
SET @maxdays = @mindays+4;
SET @i = @maxdays;
droploop: LOOP
SET OLDCLOCK = DATE_SUB(NOW(),INTERVAL @iDAY);
SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT( OLDCLOCK,'p%Y%m%d' );
CALL zabbix.drop_partition( SCHEMANAME,TABLENAME, PARTITIONNAME );
SET @i=@i-1;
IF @i <= @mindaysTHEN
LEAVE droploop;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`create_partition` //
CREATE PROCEDURE`zabbix`.`create_partition` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAMEvarchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)
BEGIN
DECLARE RETROWS int;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM`information_schema`.`partitions`
WHERE `table_schema` = SCHEMANAME AND`table_name` = TABLENAME AND `partition_name` =PARTITIONNAME;
IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
SELECT CONCAT( "create_partition(",SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" )AS msg;
SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `',SCHEMANAME, '`.`', TABLENAME, '`',
' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ',PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS`zabbix`.`drop_partition` //
CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix`.`drop_partition`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAMEvarchar(64))
BEGIN
DECLARE RETROWS int;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM`information_schema`.`partitions`
WHERE `table_schema` = SCHEMANAME AND`table_name` = TABLENAME AND `partition_name` =PARTITIONNAME;
IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
SELECT CONCAT( "drop_partition(",SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ")" ) ASmsg;
SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `',SCHEMANAME, '`.`', TABLENAME, '`',
' DROP PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ';');
PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END //
DELIMITER ;
e.使用tmpfs存儲臨時文件
mkdir /tmp/mysqltmp
修改/etc/fstab:
tmfs /tmp/mysqltmp tmpfsrw,uid=mysql,gid=mysql,size=1G,nr_inodes=10k,mode=0700 0 0
修改my.cnf
tmpdir=/tmp/mysqltmp
f.設置正確的buffer pool
設置Innodb可用多少內存，建議設置成物理內存的70%~80%
修改my.cnf
innodb_buffer_pool_size=14G
設置innodb使用O_DIRECT，這樣buffer_pool中的數據就不會與系統緩存中的重複。
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
以下給一個示例my.cnf，物理內存大小爲24G:
g.設置合適的log大小
zabbix數據庫屬於寫入較多的數據庫，因此設置大一點可以避免MySQL持續將log文件flush到表中。
不過有一個副作用,就是啓動和關閉數據庫會變慢一點。
修改my.cnf
innodb_log_file_size=64M
h.打開慢查詢日誌
修改my.cnf
log_slow_queries=/var/log/mysql.slow.log
i.設置thread_cache_size
這個值似乎會影響show global status輸出中Threads_created perConnection的hit rate
當設置成4的時候,有3228483 Connections和5840 Threads_created,hitrate達到了99.2%
Threads_created這個數值應該越小越好。
j.其他MySQL文檔建議的參數調整
query_cache_limit=1M
query_cache_size=128M
tmp_table_size=256M
max_heap_table_size=256M
table_cache=256
max_connections = 300
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2
join_buffer_size=256k
read_buffer_size=256k
read_rnd_buffer_size=256k
7.調整zabbix工作進程數量,zabbix_server.conf
StartPollers=90
StartPingers=10
StartPollersUnreacheable=80
StartIPMIPollers=10
StartTrappers=20
StartDBSyncers=8
LogSlowQueries=1000
參考文檔:
http://www.slideshare.net/xsbr/alexei-vladishev-zabbixperformancetuning
http://zabbixzone.com/zabbix/mysql-performance-tips-for-zabbix/
http://zabbixzone.com/zabbix/partitioning-tables/
http://linux-knowledgebase.com/en/Tip_of_the_day/March/Performance_Tuning_for_Zabbix
http://sysadminnotebook.blogspot.jp/2011/08/performance-tuning-mysql-for-zabbix.html