RedHat系統yum配置
1 安裝配置
1.1 獲取安裝包
進入http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/，找到下面三個包（視版本號而定）並下載。
yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
1.2 卸載原系統yum。
# rpm –qa |grep yum | xargs rpm –e
//rpm –qa命令列出所有已安裝的rpm包，grep yum則從中查找出yum相關的包，xargs rpm –e則以查出的yum包爲對象進行卸載。xargs將參數列表傳遞給其他命令（該處爲rpm –e命令）。
1.3 安裝yum。
# rpm –ivh yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm –nodeps
# rpm –ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm nodeps
# rpm –ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm –nodeps
//-ivh是列出詳細安裝進度，--nodeps是忽略依賴關係。
1.4 配置源repository。
在/etc/yum.repos.d目錄下新建CentOS-Base.repo文件，並參考附件1CentOS-Base.repo完成配置。
2 遇到的問題
問題1：有些庫文件本來是安裝了的，可能路徑不對，所以安裝時會報錯。例如下面三個庫在/lib64下是存在的，但由於默認的/usr/lib64下沒有，所以報錯了。
[root@localhost lib]# ldconfig
ldconfig: /usr/lib64/librpmbuild.so.1 is not asymbolic link
ldconfig: /usr/lib64/librpm.so.1 is not a symboliclink
ldconfig: /usr/lib64/librpmio.so.1 is not asymbolic link
[root@localhost lib]# ln -sf/lib64/librpmbuild.so.1 /root/usr/lib64/librpmbuild.so.1
ln: creating symbolic link`/root/usr/lib64/librpmbuild.so.1': No such file or directory
路徑打錯了，/root/usr/lib64應爲/usr/lib64
[root@localhost usr]# ln -sf/lib64/librpmbuild.so.1 /usr/lib64/librpmbuild.so.1
[root@localhost usr]# ldconfig
ldconfig: /usr/lib64/librpm.so.1 is not a symboliclink
ldconfig: /usr/lib64/librpmio.so.1 is not asymbolic link
[root@localhost usr]# ln -sf /lib64/librpm.so.1/usr/lib64/librpm.so.1
[root@localhost usr]# ln -sf /lib64/librpmio.so.1/usr/lib64/librpmio.so.1
[root@localhost usr]# ldconfig
問題2：yum配置文件語法錯誤
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id,subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Repository 'centosplus': Error parsing config:Error parsing "gpgcheck= '1 enabled=0'": invalid boolean value
Determining fastest mirrors
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/%24releasever/addons/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml:[Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 404"
Trying other mirror.
Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata(repomd.xml) for repository: addons. Please verify its path and try again
問題3：ImportError: No module named cElementTree
python少模塊。把該模塊給安裝上就ok。
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install rstatd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id,subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
Traceback (most recent call last):
File"/usr/bin/yum", line 29, in <module>
yummain.user_main(sys.argv[1:], exit_code=True)
File"/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py", line 285, in user_main
errcode =main(args)
File"/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py", line 136, in main
result,resultmsgs = base.doCommands()
File"/usr/share/yum-cli/cli.py", line 434, in doCommands
self._getTs(needTsRemove)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/depsolve.py", line 99, in_getTs
self._getTsInfo(remove_only)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/depsolve.py", line 110, in_getTsInfo
pkgSack =self.pkgSack
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/__init__.py", line 887, in<lambda>
pkgSack =property(fget=lambda self: self._getSacks(),
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/__init__.py", line 669, in_getSacks
self.repos.populateSack(which=repos)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/repos.py", line 308, inpopulateSack
sack.populate(repo, mdtype, callback, cacheonly)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 165, inpopulate
ifself._check_db_version(repo, mydbtype):
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 223, in_check_db_version
returnrepo._check_db_version(mdtype)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1256, in_check_db_version
repoXML =self.repoXML
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1455, in<lambda>
repoXML =property(fget=lambda self: self._getRepoXML(),
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1447, in _getRepoXML
self._loadRepoXML(text=self)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1437, in_loadRepoXML
returnself._groupLoadRepoXML(text, self._mdpolicy2mdtypes())
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1412, in_groupLoadRepoXML
ifself._commonLoadRepoXML(text):
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1230, in_commonLoadRepoXML
result =self._getFileRepoXML(local, text)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1008, in_getFileRepoXML
size=102400) # setting max size as 100K
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 830, in_getFile
size=size
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/mirror.py", line 408, inurlgrab
returnself._mirror_try(func, url, kw)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/mirror.py", line 394, in_mirror_try
returnfunc_ref( *(fullurl,), **kwargs )
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 985,in urlgrab
returnself._retry(opts, retryfunc, url, filename)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 886,in _retry
r =apply(func, (opts,) + args, {})
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 980,in retryfunc
apply(cb_func, (obj, )+cb_args, cb_kwargs)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1494, in_checkRepoXML
repoXML =repoMDObject.RepoMD(self.id, filepath)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/repoMDObject.py", line 124, in__init__
self.parse(srcfile)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/repoMDObject.py", line 140, inparse
parser =iterparse(infile)
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/misc.py", line 1141, incElementTree_iterparse
_cElementTree_import()
File"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/misc.py", line 1136, in_cElementTree_import
importcElementTree
ImportError: No module named cElementTree
附件1.CentOS-Base.repo文件詳解
# CentOS-Base.repo
# # This file uses a new mirrorlist systemdeveloped by Lance Davis for CentOS.
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP addressof the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors thatare updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You shoulduse this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as afall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
[base] --標識符
name=CentOS-6 – Base --名稱無所謂
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/
--源地址，根據需要更新。原來是http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasesever/os/$basearch/，其實$releasesever和$basearch是系統變量，根據實際源的目錄改成常量也可以。
gpgcheck=1 --GPG簽名驗證，1爲開啓，0爲關閉
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 --GPG驗證的url，與實際源相對應
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-6 - Updates
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/updates/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#packages used/produced in the build but notreleased
#[addons] --CentOS-6中沒有該目錄，所以註釋了
#name=CentOS-6 - Addons
#baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/addons/x86_64/
#gpgcheck=1
#gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-6 - Extras
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/extras/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality ofexisting packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-6 - Plus
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/centosplus/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6