python3安裝解決ssl問題

安裝Python3.6.4

---

1 安裝python3.6可能使用的依賴

yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel gcc gcc-c++  openssl-devel libffi-devel

2 到python官網找到下載路徑, 用wget下載

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz

3 解壓tgz包

tar -xf Python-3.6.5.tgz

4 進入python目錄

cd /Python-3.6.5/

5 編譯，安裝

5.1 提示找不到SSL模塊

python安裝完畢後，提示找不到ssl模塊：

[root@localhost ~]# python2.7.5
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jun 3 2013, 11:08:43) 
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/ssl.py", line 60, in <module>
import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
ImportError: No module named _ssl
>>>

5.2 重新編譯python（去掉最後4行的註釋）

#修改Setup文件
vi /root/Python-3.6.5/Modules/Setup.dist
#修改結果如下：
# Socket module helper for socket(2)
_socket socketmodule.c timemodule.c

# Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other
# socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:
SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

5.3 編譯安裝

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
make
make install

5.4 測試，已可正常使用。

[root@localhost ~]# python
Python 3.6.4 (default, Jun 3 2013, 14:56:13) 
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>>

注：如需保留舊版本的就不需要執行 6 .7兩部

6 重命名舊版本的python依賴

ll /usr/bin | grep python

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7

7 刪除舊的軟鏈接，創建新的軟鏈接到最新的python

rm -rf /usr/bin/python

ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python

python -V

使用yum命令報錯File "/usr/bin/yum", line 30 except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
問題出現原因：

yum包管理是使用python2.x寫的，將python2.x升級到python3.1.3以後，由於python版本語法兼容性導致問題出現
解決辦法：
修改yum配置文件，將python版本指向以前的舊版本

# vi /usr/bin/yum
#!/usr/bin/python2.7

修改urlgrabber-ext-down文件，更改python版本

# vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
#!/usr/bin/python2.7

Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/six/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping

如需安裝pip

---

下載相關文件

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py

執行

/usr/local/python/bin/python3 get-pip.py

添加環境變量

vim ~/.bash_profile

添加下面這條參數

export PATH=/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH

保存
source ~/.bash_profile

測試

執行

[root@huo ~]# python3
Python 3.6.5 (default, Apr  1 2018, 20:41:34)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

執行腳本如下:

vim install_python.sh

#!/bin/bash
python_version=3.7.0

echo "正在安裝相關組件"
yum install -y openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel gcc-c++ gcc openssl-devel

echo "下載安裝包"
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/$python_version/Python-$python_version.tgz

echo "正在解壓安裝包"
tar -xf Python-$python_version.tgz -C /root/  && cd /root/Python-$python_version/

echo "添加ssl支持"
cat >> /root/Python-$python_version/Modules/Setup.dist <<"EOF"
_socket socketmodule.c

SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
EOF

echo "正在編譯安裝Python"
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python && make && make install
cd /root

echo "刪除安裝包"
rm -rf /root/Python-$python_version.tgz && rm -rf /root/Python-$python_version

echo "正在添加環境變量"
echo "export PATH=/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH">> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

echo "安裝完成,請執行python3進行測試"