the linux command line學習筆記之四

linux權限相關命令:

● id             顯示用戶ID
● chmod     修改文件權限
● umask     設置默認的文件權限

● su            以另一個用戶的身份運行shell
● sudo        以另一個用戶的身份執行命令

● chown     修改文件的owner

● chgrp       修改文件的group owner
● passwd    修改用戶的密碼


權限與二進制八進制的對應

八    二      權限

0     000     ---
1     001     --x
2     010     -w-
3     011     -wx
4     100     r--
5     101     r-x
6     110     rw-
7     111     rwx


在命令行中可以使用如下的簡寫:

u    user的簡寫,但指的是owner;

g    group的簡寫,指的是group owner;

o    other的簡寫;

a    all的簡寫;

u+x    owner權限加執行權限

u-x    owner權限移除執行權限

+x      即all+x

o-rw    即other-rw

go=rw    即group,other=rw

u+x,go=rx    即user+x, group&other=rx


umask的意義:

umask=0000,0666-0000=0666,即--- rw- rw- rw-

umask=0002,0666-0002=0664,即--- rw- rw- r--

umask=0022,0666-0022=0644,即--- rw- r-- r--


chmod參數解釋:

bob          Changes the ownership of the file from its current owner to user
                bob.
bob:users     Changes the ownership of the file from its current owner to user
                     bob and changes the file group owner to group users.

:admins        Changes the group owner to the group admins. The file owner is
                     unchanged.
bob:              Change the file owner from the current owner to user bob and
                     changes the group owner to the login group of user bob.








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