一、概述
這兩個函數用來記錄連接的session信息，經常用於觸發器中，記錄客戶端的連接信息（比如IP）。我比較關注的是sessionid和 ip，但是 select userenv('sessionid')得到的並不是用戶的sid，而是v$session中的audsid，sid根據audsid再得到：
SQL> select sid from v$session where audsid=userenv('sessionid');
至於sid和audsid的區別，自己也沒太搞明白，網上摘了一段：
--from asktom
the audsid column is populated via a sequence and for normal
sessions is the same as "userenv('sessionid')" -- but for some background sessions -- it is not set
(it comes back as "0" making the view not work.
So, I'd just ignore "audsid" for now and use SID.
二、兩個函數的具體用法：
1. USERENV(OPTION)
返回當前的會話信息.
OPTION='ISDBA'若當前是DBA角色,則爲TRUE,否則FALSE.
OPTION='LANGUAGE'返回數據庫的字符集.
OPTION='SESSIONID'爲當前會話標識符.
OPTION='ENTRYID'返回可審計的會話標識符.
OPTION='LANG'返回會話語言名稱的ISO簡記.
OPTION='INSTANCE'返回當前的實例.
OPTION='terminal'返回當前計算機名
SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;
2. 返回系統會話信息sys_context
select
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','TERMINAL') terminal,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','LANGUAGE') language,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID') sessionid,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','INSTANCE') instance,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','ENTRYID') entryid,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','ISDBA') isdba,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','NLS_TERRITORY') nls_territory,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','NLS_CURRENCY') nls_currency,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','NLS_CALENDAR') nls_calendar,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','NLS_DATE_FORMAT') nls_date_format,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE') nls_date_language,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','NLS_SORT') nls_sort,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_USER') current_user,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_USERID') current_userid,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSION_USER') session_user,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSION_USERID') session_userid,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','PROXY_USER') proxy_user,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','PROXY_USERID') proxy_userid,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','DB_DOMAIN') db_domain,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','DB_NAME') db_name,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','HOST') host,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','OS_USER') os_user,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','EXTERNAL_NAME') external_name,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IP_ADDRESS') ip_address,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','NETWORK_PROTOCOL') network_protocol,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','BG_JOB_ID') bg_job_id,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','FG_JOB_ID') fg_job_id,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATION_TYPE') authentication_type,
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATION_DATA') authentication_data
from dual ;
3. SYS_CONTEXT函數的可選值如下：
AUTHENTICATION_DATA
Data being used to authenticate the login user. For X.503 certificate authenticated sessions, this field returns the context of the certificate in HEX2 format.
Note: You can change the return value of the AUTHENTICATION_DATA attribute using the length parameter of the syntax. Values of up to 4000 are accepted. This is the only attribute of USERENV for which Oracle implements such a change.
AUTHENTICATION_TYPE
How the user was authenticated，結果及解釋如下:
DATABASE: username/password authentication
OS: operating system external user authentication
NETWORK: network protocol or ANO authentication
PROXY: OCI proxy connection authentication
BG_JOB_ID
Job ID of the current session if it was established by an Oracle background process. Null if the session was not established by a background process.
CLIENT_INFO
Returns up to 64 bytes of user session information that can be stored by an application using the DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO package.
CURRENT_SCHEMA
Name of the default schema being used in the current schema. This value can be changed during the session with an ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA statement.
CURRENT_SCHEMAID
Identifier of the default schema being used in the current session.
CURRENT_USER
The name of the user whose privilege the current session is under.
CURRENT_USERID
User ID of the user whose privilege the current session is under.
DB_DOMAIN
Domain of the database as specified in the DB_DOMAIN initialization parameter.
DB_NAME
Name of the database as specified in the DB_NAME initialization parameter.
ENTRYID
The available auditing entry identifier. You cannot use this option in distributed SQL statements. To use this keyword in USERENV, the initialization parameter AUDIT_TRAIL must be set to true.
EXTERNAL_NAME
External name of the database user. For SSL authenticated sessions using v.503 certificates, this field returns the distinguished name (DN) stored in the user certificate.
FG_JOB_ID
Job ID of the current session if it was established by a client foreground process. Null if the session was not established by a foreground process.
HOST
Name of the host machine from which the client has connected.
INSTANCE
The instance identification number of the current instance.
IP_ADDRESS
IP address of the machine from which the client is connected.
ISDBA
TRUE if you are logged on as SYS.
LANG
The ISO abbreviation for the language name, a shorter form than the existing 'LANGUAGE' parameter.
LANGUAGE
The language and territory currently used by your session, along with the database character set, in the form:language_territory.characterset.
NETWORK_PROTOCOL
Network protocol being used for communication, as specified in the 'PROTOCOL=protocol' portion of the connect string.
NLS_CALENDAR
The current calendar of the current session.
NLS_CURRENCY
The currency of the current session.
NLS_DATE_FORMAT
The date format for the session.
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
The language used for expressing dates.
NLS_SORT BINARY
or the linguistic sort basis.
NLS_TERRITORY
The territory of the current session.
OS_USER
Operating system username of the client process that initiated the database session.
PROXY_USER
Name of the database user who opened the current session on behalf of SESSION_USER.
PROXY_USERID
Identifier of the database user who opened the current session on behalf of SESSION_USER.
SESSION_USER
Database user name by which the current user is authenticated. This value remains the same throughout the duration of the session.
SESSION_USERID
Identifier of the database user name by which the current user is authenticated.
SESSIONID
The auditing session identifier. You cannot use this option in distributed SQL statements.
TERMINAL
The operating system identifier for the client of the current session. In distributed SQL statements, this option returns the identifier for your local session. In a distributed environment, this is supported only for remote SELECT statements, not for remote INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations.
(The return length of this parameter may vary by operating system.)