一:cobbler是什麼?
Cobbler是一個快速網絡安裝linux的服務，而且在經過調整也可以支持網絡安裝windows。該工具使用python開發，小巧輕便（才15k行代碼），使用簡單的命令即可完成PXE網絡安裝環境的配置，同時還可以管理DHCP，DNS，以及yum包鏡像。Cobbler支持命令行管理，web界面管理，還提供了API接口，可以方便二次開發使用,和PXE不同的是，使用cobbler不會因爲在局域網中啓動了dhcp而導致有些機器因爲默認從pxe啓動在重啓服務器後加載tftp內容導致啓動終止。
二:cobbler常用架構
三:cobbler的安裝
1)安裝cobbler需要epel源.利用yum進行安裝
yum install cobbler
查看下生成的文件
[root@node3 ~]# tree /var/www/cobbler/ /var/www/cobbler/ ├── aux │ ├── anamon │ └── anamon.init ├── p_w_picpaths ├── ks_mirror │ └── config ├── links ├── localmirror ├── pub ├── rendered ├── repo_mirror └── svc ├── services.py ├── services.pyc └── services.pyo 10 directories, 5 files
2)啓動前的準備
啓動httpd服務.檢測cobbler check
[root@node3 ~]# service httpd start [root@node3 ~]# service cobblerd start Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ] [root@node3 ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 6 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart 7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
啓動cobbler後檢測了一下發現了許多錯誤,根據這些錯誤提示進行排錯.
解決第一個問題,編輯vim /etc/cobbler/settings
server: 172.16.16.5
解決DHCP服務器問題
next_server: 172.16.16.5
確保syslinux已經安裝
[root@node3 ~]# yum install syslinux Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Package syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version #提示已經安裝 Nothing to do
確保rsync開機啓動
[root@node3 ~]# chkconfig rsync on
安裝pykickstart
[root@node3 ~]# yum install pykickstart
生成cobbler隨機密碼並進行替換
[root@node3 ~]# openssl passwd -apr1 -salt 'openssl rand -hex 4' Password: #輸入密碼 $apr1$openssl $aA7bNBhsYJPhUH8z6mKS3/ vim /etc/cobbler/setting default_password_crypted: "$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."
cd /usr/share/syslinux 下複製當前目錄的所有文件到 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
修改/etc/cobbler/setting配置文件選擇是否有cobbler自己提供DHCP和LFTP服務
爲1是自己提供爲0是單獨的服務器提供
修復完成後重啓cobblerd和sync
3)提供cobbler依賴的服務
安裝配置DHCP服務
yum install dhcp
提供DHCP的配置文件
cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp mv dhcpd.conf.sample dhcpd.conf vim dhcpd.conf
提供tftp服務器(在安裝cobbler時默認已經安裝了)
chkconfig tftp on service xinetd start
4)提供 distro文件
通過掛載光盤映像文件來提供
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt -r 掛載cdrom下的光盤鏡像到/mnt 下
把掛載的光盤鏡像內的文件導入cobbler
導入過程要多等一會....................................
完成後查看cobbler distro list 是否有導入的文件
5)提供profile文件
創建profile文件依賴於kickstart. 所以要先提供kickstart文件
創建kickstart請參考pxe安裝
正式創建profile
cobbler profile add --name=centos-6.5-x86_64-basic --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/root/centos6.x86_64.cfg
查看創建有哪些profile第一個爲創建distro時自動創建的做基本的profile.第二個爲自己新增加創建的profile
導入完成以後執行cobbler sync 下 sync後會在/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg 自動創建一個default文件
查看下此文件
6)新創建虛擬機進行安裝
安裝系統選擇
成功進入安裝界面
注:重新修改安裝配置的話要重新加載一下cobbler
例:cobbler profile edit --name=centos-6.5-x86_64-basic --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/root/centos6.x86_64.cfg
修改profit文件後需要從新加載一下 cobbler sync
7)安裝cobbler的WEB管理
yum -y cobbler-web vim /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
添加cobbler用戶添加cobbler密碼
編輯/etc/cobbler/users.conf配置文件
重啓cobblerd
service cobblerd restart
重啓一下httpd
service httpd restart
OK cobbler配置已經完成