innobackup 部分備份恢復實驗
三種方式：
## Using the --include option
The command above will create a timestamped directory with the usual files that innobackupex creates,
but only the data files related to the tables matched.
Note that this option is passed to xtrabackup --tables and is matched against each table of each database,
the directories of each database will be created even if they are empty.
該方式會將沒有備份表的數據庫目錄也生成，支持模式匹配
--備份test庫t_innodb開頭的表
$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --include='^test[.]t_innodb'
--備份test庫下所有的表
$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --include='^test[.]'
## Using the --tables-file option
Note that this option is passed to xtrabackup --tables and is matched against each table of each database,
the directories of each database will be created even if they are empty.
該方式不能實現模式匹配，只生產需要備份表的數據庫目錄
--備份test.t_innodb,
$ echo "test.t_innodb" > /tmp/tables.txt
$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --tables-file=/tmp/tables.txt /backup
## Using the --databases option
This option is specific to innobackupex and accepts either a space-separated list of the databases and
tables to backup - in the databasename[.tablename] form - or a file containing the list at one element per line
Currently, only .frm and non-InnoDB tables are limited by that option
當前版本，只對non-innodb 有限制作用
$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --databases="test.innodb" /backup
## 測試表 t_innodb ，並插入10000條記錄
(root@localhost) [test]>desc t_innodb;
+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | bigint(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(150) | YES | | NULL | |
| userstatus | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
(root@localhost) [test]>call addTest(10000,0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (4.12 sec)
(root@localhost) [test]>select count(*) from t_innodb;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 10000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
## 執行一次表t_innodb的備份，作爲全備
$ echo "test.t_innodb" > /tmp/tables.txt
$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --tables-file=/tmp/tables.txt /backup/full_innodb --no-timestamp
## 全備後，再次插入10000條記錄
(root@localhost) [test]>call addTest(10000,0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (4.12 sec)
(root@localhost) [test]>select count(*) from t_innodb;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 20000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
## 執行一次增量備份
$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --incremental --incremental-basedir=/backup/full_innodb --tables-file=/tmp/tables.txt /backup/inc_innodb --no-timestamp
## 刪除原庫中的標
(root@localhost) [test]>drop table t_innodb;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
## 針對全備做一次apply-log，需要使用redo-only 選項
innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only --export /backup/full_innodb
## 增量備份，做一次apply-log,作爲最後一個增量，不要使用redo-only
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --apply-log --incremental-dir=/backup/full_innodb /backup/full_innodb
## 再次執行apply-log, 是用export 生成exp、cfg 文件
innobackupex --apply-log --export /backup/full_innodb
## 在數據庫中新建表t_innodb
(root@localhost) [test]>drop table t_innodb;
## 可以是用mysqlfrm 從t_innodb 中獲取建表語句
# 顯示frm的建表語句
mysqlfrm --server=root:mysql@localhost:3306 /backup/full_innodb/test/t_innodb.frm --port=3333
-> `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
-> `password` varchar(150) DEFAULT NULL,
-> `userstatus` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=20001 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
## 刪除當前的.ibd文件
(root@localhost) [test]>ALTER TABLE test.t_innodb DISCARD TABLESPACE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
## 把cfg、ibd、exp文件放到test數據庫目錄中
[mysql@rhel5 test]$ cp t_innodb.cfg /usr/local/mysql/data/test/
[mysql@rhel5 test]$ cp t_innodb.ibd /usr/local/mysql/data/test/
[mysql@rhel5 test]$ cp t_innodb.exp /usr/local/mysql/data/test/
## 把備份的.ibd文件還原到表中
(root@localhost) [test]>ALTER TABLE test.t_innodb IMPORT TABLESPACE;
## 查詢恢復的數據
(root@localhost) [test]>select count(*) from t_innodb;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 20000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)