LNMP架構介紹：
和LAMP不同的是，提供web服務的是Nginx
並且php是作爲一個獨立服務存在的，這個服務叫做php-fpm
Nginx直接處理靜態請求，動態請求會轉發給php-fpm
MySQL安裝：
LNMP中MySQL的安裝步驟和LAMP是一樣的，這裏簡單寫一下過程：
cd /usr/local/src/ wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql mkdir -p /data/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql cd /usr/local/mysql ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf vim /etc/my.cnf cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
PHP安裝：
安裝PHP和LAMP安裝的PHP是有區別的。因爲Nginx中的PHP是以fastcgi的方式結合Nginx的，可以理解爲Nginx代理了PHP的fastcgi，而httpd是把PHP作爲自己的模塊來調用的
1. 下載源碼包：wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-5.6.9.tar.gz
2. 解壓：tar zxvf php-5.6.9.tar.gz
3. 創建賬號：useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm; 該賬號用來運行php-fpm服務的
4. 配置編譯選項：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl
報錯信息：
yum install -y libxml2 libxml2-devel
5.編譯安裝：make && make install
6.修改配置文件：
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini
vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf # 加入以下內容 [global] pid=/usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log=/usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] listen=/tmp/php-fcgi.sock listen.mode=666 user=php-fpm group=php-fpm pm=dynamic pm.max_children=50 pm.start_servers=20 pm.min_spare_servers=5 pm.max_spare_servers=35 pm.max_requests=500 rlimit_files=1024
測試配置是否存在語法錯誤：/usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t
7.啓動php-fpm
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm 
設置開機啓動： chkconfig php-fpm on
Nginx介紹：
Nginx官網 nginx.org，最新版1.13，最新穩定版1.12
Nginx應用場景：web服務、反向代理、負載均衡
Nginx著名分支，淘寶基於Nginx開發的Tengine，使用上和Nginx一致，服務名，配置文件名都一樣，和Nginx的最大區別在於Tenging增加了一些定製化模塊，在安全限速方面表現突出，另外它支持對js，css合併
Nginx核心+lua相關的組件和模塊組成了一個支持lua的高性能web容器openresty，參考http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/2280928
Nginx安裝：
1. 下載和解壓
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/nginx/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
2. 配置編譯選項
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
3. 編譯安裝
make && make install
4. 編寫啓動腳本，並加入系統服務
vim /etc/init.d/nginx # 加入腳本內容
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL 
5. 更改Nginx的配置文件
> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf # 加入以下內容
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ \.php$
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
} 
6. 啓動Nginx，（日誌文件：/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log）
service nginx start 
7. 測試是否正常解析PHP
vim /usr/local/nginx/html/2.php
