CentOS7下MySQL5.6基於二進制包方式安裝記錄

MySQL基於二進制格式安裝的優點在於，它是針對特定平臺專門優化過的，安裝的時候也不需要考慮環境的要求，直接解壓就可以，本文基於MySQL5.6.38版本，下載地址爲：
https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
1，下載MySQL二進制包：

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /root/soft/ -pv
    [root@localhost ~]# cd soft/
    [root@localhost soft]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2，解壓到/usr/local下：

[root@localhost soft]# tar xf mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

3，創建軟鏈接：

[root@localhost soft]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

4，創建mysql數據目錄：

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/mydata -pv 

4，創建mysql用戶，mysql組，授權數據目錄：

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mydata mysql
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mydata/

5，初始化數據庫：

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mydata/ --user=mysql
FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db:
Data::Dumper

這裏出現一個報錯提示我有Perl模塊沒有裝，於是我照常安裝了perl-devel，perl等軟件包，再初始化數據發現還是報錯，搜索了下原來是perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7這個包，報錯的信息提示的很明顯，好吧，下次一定好好看報錯信息。解決方法也很簡單，直接yum install即可。

[root@localhost mysql]# yum list  perl-Data-Dumper
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
Available Packages
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64           
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install perl-Data-Dumper -y

再次執行：

[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mydata/ --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables.../usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

又一個報錯出現，這個提示表明libaio這個模塊不存在，好，缺啥咱就裝啥。

[root@localhost mysql]# yum install libaio -y

然後再執行mysql_install_db腳本初始化數據庫，這次沒有報錯，當看到OK字樣時，表示數據庫初始化完成。

6，設置mysql數據庫配置文件。這裏要注意mysql5.6解壓目錄下的 support-files目錄中只有my-default.cnf這樣一個默認配置文件，而且裏面基本沒有配置，多爲註釋，這和mysql5.5的區別比較大，5.5的該目錄下會有 my-huge.cnf my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-large.cnf my-medium.cnf my-small.cnf 這樣的配置文件，可以根據自身服務器的情況自行選擇。既然如此，就只能自己配置my.cnf了。

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
#password       = your_password
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
#datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var
datadir = /data/mydata/
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
pid-file = /data/mydata/mysql.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M

#skip-networking
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535

log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id       = 1
expire_logs_days = 10

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mydata/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mydata/
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 5M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

7，導出PATH環境變量：

[root@localhost ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

8，導出mysql頭文件到系統頭文件目錄：

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include  /usr/include/mysql

9，輸出mysql庫文件到系統庫文件的路徑：

[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig -v

10，啓動mysqld服務：

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on 
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

這裏要注意一下，/etc/init.d/mysqld這個腳本中有如下幾個地方要修改：

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mydata/
mysqld_pid_file_path=/data/mydata/mysql.pid

這時候mysql就已經啓動了：

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.38-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> use mysql 
Database changed
mysql> delete from mysql.user where (user,host) not in (select 'root', 'localhost'); #刪除多餘的用戶
mysql> update user set password=password('QWER@@111') where user='root'; #修改root密碼
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select user,host,password from user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *16FF293CF039130E27DC275D8B47EBB0754FFE9F |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

至此，MySQL數據庫安裝完成。