httpd

原創 yy阿爃呀 2019-02-23 00:19

http背景

超文本傳輸協議（HypeText  Transfer Protocol)互聯網上應用最廣泛的網絡協議。1960年美國人Ted Nelson構思的一種通過計算機處理文本信息的方法，稱爲'超文本'，這成爲HTTP超文本傳輸協議標準架構的發展根基。

技術架構

HTTP是一個客戶端和服務器端請求和應答的標準（TCP），通常，由HTTP客戶端發起一個請求，建立一個到服務器指定端口（默認是80端口）的TCP連接。HTTP服務器則在那個端口監聽客戶端發送過來的請求。一旦收到請求，服務器（向客戶端）發回一個狀態，消息可能是請求的文件、錯誤消息，或其他信息。

軟件包

http   服務端口： 80/tcp(http)
https   服務端口： 443/tcp(https,http+ssl)

配置文件

'使用rpm包安裝的httpd程序環境'
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf         '主配置文件'
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf             '輔助配置文件'
/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf      '默認測試頁面'
    /var/log/httpd/access.log               '訪問日誌'              
            /var/log/httpd/error_log                  '錯誤日誌'
/var/www/html/                  '站點文檔目錄'
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/     '模塊文件路徑'
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf   '模塊配置文件'
mpm:以DSO機制提供，配置文件爲/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf

編譯安裝httpd生成的配置文件

/usr/local/apache/logs     '日誌文件'
/etc/httpd24/httpd.conf   '主配置文件'
/usr/local/apache/htdocs  '站點文檔目錄'
'啓動服務可以使用絕對路徑與相對路徑'
絕對路徑：
[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd 
httpd (pid 56281) already running
相對路徑：
[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# cd /usr/local/apache/bin/
[root@yaoxiaorong bin]# ./apachectl 
httpd (pid 56281) already running

如果需要解析動態php程序，則需要安裝php

'安裝PHP'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum install -y php
'如果作爲Apache的模塊運行，並生成對應配置文件'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ll /etc/httpd/modules/libphp5.so 
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4588376 Apr 13 03:04 /etc/httpd/modules/libphp5.so
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 691 Apr 13 03:04 /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf
重啓Apache加載PHP
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl restart httpd
'編寫php狀態頁面'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cat >> /var/www/html/info.php <<EOF
> <?php
> phpinfo();
> ?>
> EOF
[root@yaoxiaorong html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@yaoxiaorong html]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128      *:80                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128      *:22                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     :::22                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100    ::1:25                  :::*  
測試訪問php狀態頁面，輸入自己的IP，後面在加info.php,在操作這些步驟之前，一定要關防火牆和selinux。

如圖：
httpd

編譯安裝httpd-2.4

'準備環境，將防火牆和selinux'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# setenforce 0
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
'安裝開發環境'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum groups mark install "Development Tools"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Marked install: Development Tools
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Installed Groups:
   Development Tools   '開發工具'
Available Groups:
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
Done

'創建apache組和用戶apache'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# groupadd -r apache
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# id apache
uid=1000(apache) gid=996(apache) groups=996(apache)

'安裝相關的軟件包'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool

·下載並安裝apr-1.4和apr-util-1.4+

'下載wget'
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# yum -y install  wget
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2

'解壓下載安裝apr-1.4和apr-util-1.4+的壓縮包
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# ls
apr-1.6.3          apr-util-1.6.1          debug
apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2  kernels
'進入apr-1.6.3將修改configure配置文件'
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# cd apr-1.6.3/
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# vim configure
  cfgfile=${ofile}T
    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    #$RM "$cfgfile"      //將此行加入註釋，或者刪除此行
'指定編譯參數，使用./configure --help 命令查看可以使用的選項，一般常用的有  --prefix=PREFIX這個選項的意思是定義軟件包安裝到哪裏'
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
'編譯並安裝'
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# make -j 2 && make install
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# make -j 2 && make install

編譯安裝httpd

[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]#  wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# mv httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2 /root
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# cd
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2 
anaconda-ks.cfg  httpd-2.4.34  httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd httpd-2.4.34/
[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \    '配置文件在的絕對路徑'
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \  
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# make && make install

將虛擬主機改成相同IP相同端口不同域名

[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
ServerName www.example.com:80   //取消此行前面的#號
在/etc/httpd24/httpd.conf最後一行添加以下內容：
#virtual host 1
<VirtualHost 192.168.228.20:80>
        ServerName www.yaoxiaorong.com
        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yaoxiaorong"
        ErrorLog "logs/yaoxiaorong/error_log"
        CustomLog "logs/yaoxiaorong/access_log" combined
        <Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/yaoxiaorong
          <RequireAll>
          Require all granted
          Require not ip 192.168.1
          </RequireAll>
        </Directory>
</virtualHost>

/# virtual host 2     (前面的/不需要添加）
<VirtualHost 192.168.228.20:80>
        ServerName blog.yxr.com
        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yxr"
        ErrorLog "logs/yxr/error_log"
        CustomLog "logs/yxr/access_log" combined
        <Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/yxr>
        <RequireAll>
          Require all granted
        </RequireAll>
       </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
'啓動httpd服務，並查看80端口是否啓動起來'
[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::80                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100       ::1:25                 :::*

創建網頁目錄

[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# ls
index.html
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# mkdir yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# ls
index.html  yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# mkdir yxr

創建網頁

[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# pwd
/usr/local/apache/htdocs
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# echo 'hello yaoxiaorong' > yaoxiaorong/index.html
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# echo 'hello yxr' > yxr/index.html

修改網頁目錄修改屬主屬組

[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# chown -R apache.apache yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# chown -R apache.apache yxr
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root   45 Jun 12  2007 index.html
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 24 Aug  9 17:44 yaoxiaorong
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 24 Aug  9 17:44 yxr

創建相應網頁的日誌目錄

[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# cd logs
[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# mkdir yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# mkdir yxr
[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/logs/

重新啓動服務並查看是否有80端口

[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# pkill  httpd
[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
root@yaoxiaorong logs]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::80                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100       ::1:25                 :::*

在真實主機上驗證，修改C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc配置文件

'最後一行添加以下兩行'
192.168.228.20  www.yaoxiaorong.com
192.168.228.20  blog.yxr.com

在瀏覽器上輸入www.yaoxiaorong.com測試，看能否訪問

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