TOS/DSCP對照表

 
 
 
 
This classification type is based on an exact match of the one-byte ToS/DSCP field contained in the IP header of a frame. The ToS (Type of Service) or DSCP (Diffserve Codepoint) value is defined by an 8-bit hexadecimal number between 0 and FF. Enter a value or click Select to open a window where you can generate a hex value. For information on how to generate a ToS or DSCP value, see ToS/DSCP Configuration window.
Type of Service can be used by applications to indicate priority and Quality of Service for each frame. The level of service is determined by a set of service parameters which provide a three way trade-off between low-delay, high-reliability, and high-throughput. The use of service parameters may increase the cost of service. In many networks, better performance for one of these parameters is coupled with worse performance on another. Except for very unusual cases, at most, two of the parameters should be set.
"IP precedence 使用前3bit; ToS 使用4-7 bit, 最後一位備用;"
"DSCP 使用0-5bit, 最後兩位備用;"
 
For a ToS value, the 8-bit hexadecimal number breaks down as follows:
Bits 0-2: Precedence
Bit 3: 0=Normal Delay, 1=Low Delay
Bit 4: 0=Normal Throughput, 1=High Throughput
Bit 5: 0=Normal Reliability, 1=High Reliability
Bits 6-7: Explicit Congestion Notification
########################
         0     1     2     3     4     5     6     7
      +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
      |                 |     |     |     |     |     |
      |   PRECEDENCE    | D | T | R | 0 | 0 |
      |                 |     |     |     |     |     |
      +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
#########################
The precedence bits (bits 0-2) break down as follows:
111 - Network Control
110 - Internetwork Control
101 - CRITIC/ECP
100 - Flash Override
011 - Flash
010 - Immediate
001 - Priority
000 - Routine
The Network Control precedence designation is intended to be used within a network only. The actual use and control of that designation is up to each network. The Internetwork Control designation is intended for use by gateway originators only.
 
 For a DSCP value, the value represents codepoints for two Differentiated Services (DS) Per-Hop-Behavior (PHB) groups called Expedited Forwarding (EF) and Assured Forwarding (AF). For more information on these PHB groups, refer to RFC 2597 and RFC 2598.
########################################################





在IP網絡中,IPv4報文中有三種承載QoS優先級標籤的方式,分別爲基於二層的CoS字段(IEEE802.1p)的優先級、基於IP層的IP優先級字段ToS優先級和基於IP層的DSCP(Differentiated Services Codepoint)字段優先級。每種優先級的定義如下:
 
  (1) IEEE802.1p優先級======> 2層Qos(ISL & Dot1Q)
  它是位於二層帶標籤的以太網幀的CoS字段,和VLAN ID在一起使用,在字節中的位置如下:
  其中:IEEE802.1p優先級:3bit(P2-P0)
  未用(CU):1bit
  VLAN ID:12bit(V11-V0)
  IEEE802.1p優先級值有8個(0-7),0優先級最低,7優先級最高。報文分爲三種情況:帶優先級和VLAN ID的標籤報文,其優先級值是自身帶的值;只帶優先級的標籤報文,此時VLAN ID爲0,其優先級值是自身帶的值;未帶標籤的報文,一般默認的優先級值爲0,也可以進行更改指定新的優先級。
 
  (2) IP優先級==============》3層IP包頭的服務類型 之一
  它由IP分組報頭中的服務類型(ToS)字節中的3位組成,其在字節中的位置如下:
  P2 P1 P0 T3 T2 T1 T0 CU
  其中:IP優先級:3bit(P2-P0)
  服務類型(ToS):4bit(T3-T0)
  未用(CU):1bit
  IP優先級值有8個(0-7),0優先級最低,7優先級最高。在默認情況下,IP優先級6和7用於網絡控制通訊使用,不推薦用戶使用。ToS字段的服務類型未能在現有的IP網絡中普及使用。
 
  (3) DSCP優先級==============》3層IP包頭的服務類型 之二
  它由IP分組報頭中的6位組成,使用的是ToS字節,因此在使用DSCP後,該字節也被稱爲DSCP字節。其在字節中的位置如下:
  DS5 DS4 DS3 DS2 DS1 DS0 CU CU
  其中:DSCP優先級:6bit(DS5-DS0)
  未用(CU):2bit
  DSCP優先級值有64個(0-63),0優先級最低,63優先級最高。事實上DSCP字段是IP優先級字段的超集,DSCP字段的定義向後與IP優先級字段兼容。目前定義的DSCP有默認的DSCP,值爲0;類選擇器DSCP,定義爲向後與IP優先級兼容,值爲(8,16,24,32,40,48,56);加速轉發(EF),一般用於低延遲的服務,推薦值爲46(101110);確定轉發(AF),定義了4個服務等級,每個服務等級有3個下降過程,因此使用了12個DSCP值((10,12,14),(18,20,22),(26,28,30),(34,36,38))。
 
#############################################
IP precedence和DSCP代碼對照表

   <0-63>   Differentiated services codepoint value 
   af11     Match packets with AF11 dscp (001010) 
   af12     Match packets with AF12 dscp (001100) 
   af13     Match packets with AF13 dscp (001110) 
   af21     Match packets with AF21 dscp (010010) 
   af22     Match packets with AF22 dscp (010100) 
   af23     Match packets with AF23 dscp (010110) 
   af31     Match packets with AF31 dscp (011010) 
   af32     Match packets with AF32 dscp (011100) 
   af33     Match packets with AF33 dscp (011110) 
   af41     Match packets with AF41 dscp (100010) 
   af42     Match packets with AF42 dscp (100100) 
   af43     Match packets with AF43 dscp (100110) 
   cs1      Match packets with CS1(precedence 1) dscp (001000) 
   cs2      Match packets with CS2(precedence 2) dscp (010000) 
   cs3      Match packets with CS3(precedence 3) dscp (011000) 
   cs4      Match packets with CS4(precedence 4) dscp (100000) 
   cs5      Match packets with CS5(precedence 5) dscp (101000) 
   cs6      Match packets with CS6(precedence 6) dscp (110000) 
   cs7      Match packets with CS7(precedence 7) dscp (111000) 
   default  Match packets with default dscp (000000) 
   ef       Match packets with EF dscp (101110) 



Cisco推薦的幾個DSCP值:
路由協議  CS6
交互式語音  EF
交互式視頻  AF41
流式視頻  CS4
電話信令  AF31或CS3
網絡管理  CS2
大塊數據  AF11
盡力服務  0

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