Unix（以及類Unix）操作系統提供了一種功能，允許用戶在重新映射的根文件系統中執行進程。chroot命令會把根（/）文件系統映射轉換成相對於當前根目錄的指定目錄，然後在新的根目錄下執行指定的命令。已更換根目錄的進程及其子進程無法抵達不被新的根目錄樹所包含的文件系統，保護系統核心層數據，提高了系統的安全性能。

爲了要設定Tomcat在chroot Jail中運行，必須：
1、在運行Tomcat的機器上擁有root的權限。
2、使用官方Tomcat二進制發行版。

下面我們開始進行chroot Jail的設置。
1、在文件系統中創建新根目錄樹（自定義）。

mkdir /opt/chroot

2、創建Tomcat要使用的通用Unix文件系統目錄，並授予類似的權限。

cd /opt/chroot

mkdir -p bin etc home lib proc usr dev lib64 tmp

chmod 755 etc dev usr

chmod 1777 tmp

cp -a /etc/hosts etc/hosts

3、將Java JDK或JRE複製到chroot樹中

mkdir -p usr/java

cp -a /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45 usr/java

4、使用ldd命令驗證Java運行時所需的庫文件，並將它們複製到chroot的/lib或其他的lib目錄中（通常是/lib64），然後嘗試執行Java，以測試確定找到並正常加載了所有庫文件。

ldd /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java

cp -p /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libc.so.6 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libdl.so.2 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libpthread.so.0 lib64/

ln -s /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45/jre/lib/amd64/jli/libjli.so libjli.so

還要複製JVM需要的（根據JVM運行的錯誤信息）一組庫文件

cp -p /lib64/libacl.so.1 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libattr.so.1 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libcap.so.2 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libm.so.6 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libnsl.so.1 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libpcre.so.1 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libselinux.so.1 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libtinfo.so.5 lib64/

5、在chroot下創建具有一組設備的新/dev目錄

mkdir -p dev/pts

cp -a /dev/shm ./dev/

CentOS 6.x版本（內核版本：2.6.X）：

/dev/MAKEDEV -d ./dev null random urandom zero loop* log console

cp /dev/MAKEDEV ./dev

CentOS 7.x版本（內核版本：3.10.X）：

ll /dev/{null,zero,random,urandom,loop*,log,console}

mknod -m 666 ./dev/zero c 1 5

mknod -m 600 ./dev/console c 5 1

mknod -m 660 ./dev/loop-control c 10 237

mknod -m 666 ./dev/null c 1 3

mknod -m 666 ./dev/random c 1 8

mknod -m 666 ./dev/urandom c 1 9

mknod -m 666 ./dev/tty c 5 0

cp -a /dev/log ./dev/

6、創建proc文件系統
CentOS 6.X版本：

mount -t proc proc ./proc

CentOS 7.X版本：

mount -t proc none ./proc/

7、複製必要的/etc文件和庫文件，以支持chroot內部的命名解決方案

cp -a /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf ./etc/

cp -p /lib64/libnss_dns.so.2 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libnss_files.so.2 lib64/

cp -p /lib64/libresolv.so.2 lib64/

8、在chroot內部安裝一個bash shell，啓用命令行shell，運行shell腳本並幫助調試chroot內部的問題

cp /bin/bash ./bin/

ln -s /bin/bash ./bin/sh

cp -p /lib64/libtermcap.so.2 ./lib64/ # CentOS 6.X系統

chroot /opt/chroot /bin/bash # 在chroot內部測試bash

9、在chroot內部測試Java虛擬機是否正常：

chroot /opt/chroot /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java -version l

如果運行失敗，說明chroot樹內部還未成功創建真實的root目錄的某些部分，需要查看錯誤提示和日誌。在CentOS 6.X可使用strace命令輸出更多信息：

strace chroot /opt/chroot /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java -version

10、一旦已經讓Java運行在chroot內，則可以繼續配置讓Tomcat運行在chroot內。
配置Tomcat運行環境：

cp /bin/uname ./bin/

cp /usr/bin/dirname ./usr/bin/

cp /usr/bin/tty ./usr/bin/

cp /bin/touch ./bin/

把Tomcat二進制文件解壓到chroot目錄下：

cp -a /iFinCar_App/apache-tomcat-6.0.18 /opt/chroot/iFinCar_App/apache-tomcat-6.0.18

chroot /opt/chroot /iFinCar_App/apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/catalina.sh start

11、Linux的chroot命令不支持用戶或組的切換功能，只能用root用戶執行，給系統帶來了一定的風險。爲了解決這個問題，我們將OpenBSD的chroot命令移植到Linux下，並將其重命名爲jbchroot，以區別於默認的chroot命令。

gcc -0 jbchroot.c -o jbchroot

cp jbchroot /usr/local/bin/

ls -la `which jbchroot`

chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/jbchroot

chown root.root /usr/local/bin/jbchroot

jbchroot /opt/chroot -U car -- /iFinCar_App/apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/catalina.sh start

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設置Tomcat chroot Jail