MySQL-MMM高可用
MMM簡介
MMM（Master-Master replication manager for MySQL,MySQL主主複製管理器），是一套支持雙主故障切換和雙主日常管理的腳本程序。這套腳本程序中主要包含幾個組件：
1、mmm_mon:監控進程，負責所有的監控工作，決定和處理所有節點角色活動。此腳本需要在監管機上運行。
2、mmm_agent:運行在每個MySQL服務器上的代理進程，完成監控的探針工作和執行簡單的遠程服務設置。此腳本需要在被監管機上運行。
3、mmm_control:一個簡單的腳本，提供管理mmm_mond進程的命令。
mysql_mmm的監管端會提供多個虛擬IP（VIP），包括一個可寫VIP，多個可讀VIP，通過監管的管理，這些IP會綁定在可用MySQL之上，在當某一臺MySQL宕機時，監管會將VIP遷移至其他MySQL。
實驗環境
| 主機 | IP地址 |
|---|---|
| mysql-m1主服務器 | 192.168.58.131 |
| mysql-m2主服務器 | 192.168.58.136 |
| mysql-m3從服務器 | 192.168.58.146 |
| mysql-m4從服務器 | 192.168.58.147 |
| mysql-monitor監視代理服務器 | 192.168.58.148 |
實驗過程
搭建MySQL多主多從模式
1、在四臺MySQL服務器上，都安裝MySQL，過程省略
2、配置ALI雲源，然後安裝epel-rlease源，爲了下面安裝mysql-mmm工具套件。
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache3、配置修改m1主配置文件。
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err #配置錯誤日誌
log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log #配置常用日誌
log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log #配置慢日誌
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema #配置不需要記錄二進制日誌的數據庫
character_set_server=utf8 #配置字符集
log_bin=mysql_bin #開啓binlog日誌用於主從數據複製
server_id=1 #每臺server-id的值不能一樣
log_slave_updates=true #此數據庫宕機，備用數據庫接管
sync_binlog=1 #允許同步二進制日誌
auto_increment_increment=2 #字段依次遞增多少
auto_increment_offset=1 #自增字段的起始值：1、3、5等奇數ID配置沒問題後，把配置文件複製到另外一臺主服務器
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf [email protected]:/etc/4、配置mysql-m1、mysql-m2主主模式
首先查看log bin日誌和pos值的位置。
[root@localhost1 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1065
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000002 | 107 | | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@localhost2 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1065
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000002 | 107 | | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)然後，mysql-m1、mysql-m2互相提升訪問權限。
mysql-m1
MySQL [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.58.%' identified by '123456';
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.58.136',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000002',master_log_pos=107;
MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;
mysql-m2
MySQL [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.58.%' identified by '123456';
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.58.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000002',master_log_pos=107;
MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;最後分別查看mysql-m1、mysql-m2服務器的主從狀態,主要查看
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes。
MySQL [(none)]> start slave;
MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.58.131
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000012
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes說明主主同步配置成功。
測試主主同步，在mysql-m1新建一個庫test01
mysql-m1
MySQL [(none)]> create database test01;
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| bbs |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test01 |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.22 sec)
mysql-m2 #測試成功
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test01 |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.22 sec)5、配置myqsl-m3、mysql-m4作爲mysql-m1的從庫。
首先將mysql-m1上的/etc/my.cnf文件，複製到myqsl-m3、mysql-m4兩臺服務器上。
mysql-m1
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf [email protected]:/etc/
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf [email protected]:/etc/查看mysql-m1中數據庫的狀態值。
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000002 | 107 | | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)在mysql-m3、mysql-m4上分別執行。
mysql-m3
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.58.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000002',master_log_pos=107;
mysql-m4
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.58.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000002',master_log_pos=107;分別查看mysql-m3、mysql-m4服務器的主從狀態，如下所示。
MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.58.131
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000012
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes安裝配置MySQL-MMM
CentOS默認沒有mysql-mmm軟件包，由於之前我們epel官方源已經安裝好，在五臺主機上都要安裝MMM
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*安裝完後，對MMM進行配置
[root@localhost mongodb1]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
<host default>
cluster_interface ens33 #網卡名稱
……
replication_user replication
replication_password 123456
agent_user mmm_agent
agent_password 123456
<host db1>
ip 192.168.58.131
mode master
peer db2
</host>
<host db2>
ip 192.168.58.136
mode master
peer db1
</host>
<host db3>
ip 192.168.58.146
mode slave
</host>
<host db4>
ip 192.168.58.147
mode slave
</host>
<role writer>
hosts db1, db2
ips 192.168.58.100
mode exclusive
</role>
<role reader>
hosts db3, db4
ips 192.168.58.200, 192.168.58.210
mode balanced
</role> #將配置文件複製到其他幾臺數據庫服務器對應的目錄下
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf [email protected]:/etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf [email protected]:/etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf [email protected]:/etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf [email protected]:/etc/mysql-mmm/在作爲monitor服務器的終端上配置
cd /etc/mysql-mmm/ #改密碼
vim mmm_mon.conf
<host default>
monitor_user mmm_monitor
monitor_password 123456
</host>在所有數據庫上爲mmm_agent授權
MySQL [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.58.%' identified by '123456';
#爲mmm_agent授權在所有數據庫上爲mmm_moniter授權
MySQL [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.58.%' identified by '123456';
#爲mmm_monitor授權
MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges
#刷新權限設置修改所有數據庫的mmm_agent.conf
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
# The 'this' variable refers to this server. Proper operation requires
# that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the
# proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.
this db1 #分別在四臺數據庫服務器上設置爲db1,db2,db3,db4
~ 在所有數據庫服務器上啓動mysql-mmm-agent
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service
#啓動mmm-agent服務
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service
#設置mmm-agent服務開機啓動在monitor服務器上配置
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# cd /etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# vim mmm_mon.conf
<monitor>
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
ping_ips 192.168.58.131,192.168.58.136,192.168.58.146,192.168.58.147
#指定監管的服務器IP地址
auto_set_online 10
# The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will
# throw a warning about it missing. See the section 5.10 "Kill Host
# Functionality" in the PDF documentation.
#
# kill_host_bin /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host
#
</monitor>
<host default>
monitor_user mmm_monitor #設置監管賬戶
monitor_password 123456 #設置監管密碼
</host>
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service #啓動mysql-mmm-monitor
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show #查看節點運行情況
db1(192.168.58.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.58.100)
db2(192.168.58.136) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.58.146) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.58.200)
db4(192.168.58.147) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.58.210)當我們把mysql-m3的mysql服務停掉以後，對應的VIP會自動綁定到mysql-m4上
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.58.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.58.100)
db2(192.168.58.136) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.58.146) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles:
db4(192.168.58.147) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.58.210)(192.168.58.200)