cacti模板使用管理及安装问题总结

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cacti模板的创建使用
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1. cacti_thold插件监控网卡流量的方法
因为cacti中默认的单位是byte，这样在显示及设置起来比较麻烦，因些我们需要自定义一个cdef模板以供使用，方法如下：
Management->Graph Management->CDEFs->add-->Byte to Mbits(新建的模板名):
Item Value
Item #1 Special Data Source: CURRENT_DATA_SOURCE
Item #2 Custom String: 8
Item #3 Operator: *
Item #4 Custom String: 1024
Item #5 Operator: /
Item #6 Custom String: 1024
Item #7 Operator: /

现在就可以在Threshold Templates添加监控流量的模板了，在
Templates-->Threshold Templates-->Add-->Interface - Traffic [traffic_in]/Traffic [traffic_out]-->Data Manipulation-->Data Type:CEDF-->Threshold CDEF:Byte to Mbits
Alert Emails-->邮件报警，多个邮件地址以逗号分隔

2. cacti监控硬盘使用率并报警
cacti本身的模板只可以监控硬盘的使用大小,而不能监控使用百分率,所以我们要自定义cdef来监控硬盘使用率,并借助thold插件实现报警功能.
cacti目录下,vi include/global_arrays.php修改如下:

$custom_data_source_types = array(
        "CURRENT_DATA_SOURCE" => "Current Graph Item Data Source",
        "ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS" => "All Data Sources (Don't Include Duplicates)",
        "ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS" => "All Data Sources (Include Duplicates)",
        "SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS" => "All Similar Data Sources (Don't Include Duplicates)",
        "SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS" => "All Similar Data Sources (Include Duplicates)",
        "CURRENT_DS_MINIMUM_VALUE" => "Current Data Source Item: Minimum Value",
        "CURRENT_DS_MAXIMUM_VALUE" => "Current Data Source Item: Maximum Value",
        "CURRENT_GRAPH_MINIMUM_VALUE" => "Graph: Lower Limit",
        "CURRENT_GRAPH_MAXIMUM_VALUE" => "Graph: Upper Limit",
        "VALUE_OF_HDD_TOTAL" => "Value of hdd_total data source",　　　　　　　　　此为增加的一行
        "COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS" => "Count of All Data Sources (Don't Include Duplicates)",
        "COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS" => "Count of All Data Sources (Include Duplicates)",
        "COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS" => "Count of All Similar Data Sources (Don't Include Duplicates)",
        "COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS" => "Count of All Similar Data Sources (Include Duplicates)");

cacti管理界面-->Graph Management-->CDEFs->add-->monitor-hdd-percent(新建的模板名):
Item Value
Item #1  Special Data Source: CURRENT_DATA_SOURCE 
Item #2  Custom String: 100 
Item #3  Operator: * 
Item #4  Special Data Source: VALUE_OF_HDD_TOTAL 
Item #5  Operator: / 

现在就可以在Threshold Templates添加监控硬盘的模板了：
Threshold Templates-->Add-->Host MIB - Hard Drive Space [hdd_used](新建模板名)-->Data Manipulation-->Data Type:CEDF-->Threshold CDEF:monitor-hdd-percent（选择刚自定义的模板）
Alert Emails-->邮件报警，多个邮件地址以逗号分隔

3.模板应用
Devices-->选择主机-->Create Graphs for this Host-->Auto-create thresholds自动应用刚创建的所有模板
Created threshold for the Graph 'ucd_load5min' using the Data Source 'ucd_load5min'
Created threshold for the Graph 'Interface - Traffic' using the Data Source 'traffic_in'
Created threshold for the Graph 'Interface - Traffic' using the Data Source 'traffic_out'
Created threshold for the Graph 'Host MIB - Hard Drive Space' using the Data Source 'hdd_used'
Created threshold for the Graph 'Host MIB - Hard Drive Space' using the Data Source 'hdd_used'
Created threshold for the Graph 'Host MIB - Hard Drive Space' using the Data Source 'hdd_used'

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cacti问题总结
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1. 被监控服务器如果做了安全限制需开放iptables和hosts.allow的snmpd端口和协议
echo 'snmpd:192.168.7.x' >>/etc/hosts.allow
iptables -I INPUT -p udp --dport 161 -s 192.168.7.250 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT   只开放udp协议161端口即可

2.cacti访问页面空白及安装过程出错信息排查
1）ldd /usr/bin/rrdtool　查看加载模块是否有not found
   如果有提示找不到的文件libfreetype
 　执行命令LD_DEBUG=libs /usr/bin/rrdtool 可以查找当rrdtool文件运行时所查找的路径，提示是到/lib /usr/lib下去寻找，
　 而该路径下没有些文件，locate libfreetype.so.6查看下命令在哪里做个软链接过去就行了
2)#snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 192.168.7.250 if  手动获取snmp信息是否成功
手动执行/usr/bin/php poller.php 
php cmd.php  查看出错信息
把web管理界面上的debug打开，再查看cacti.log和apache访问日志进行排查,Setting-->General-->Poller Logging Level-->DEBUG - Statistics....
安装gcc,gcc-c++ 因为rrdtool是用gcc编译的　

3. 另root和cactiuser里crontab有重复的php执行poller.php文件，删除root的crontab定时任务，用cactiuser用户去执行

# php poller.php  手动执行出错信息
01/24/2013 08:50:25 AM - POLLER: Poller[0] NOTE: Poller Int: '300', Cron Int: '300', Time Since Last: '24', Max Runtime '298', Poller Runs: '1'
01/24/2013 08:50:25 AM - POLLER: Poller[0] NOTE: Cron is configured to run too often!  The Poller Interval is '300' seconds, with a minimum Cron period of '300' seconds, but only 24 seconds have passed since the poller last ran.
提示poller设置每隔300s运行一次，但现在只24s就运行了一次，太频繁了。
把crontab里的php poller每5分钟执行一次改为每分钟执行一次再改回来,问题不明
最好是以cactiuser帐号来运行OK
sudo -u cactiuser /usr/bin/php -f /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php

#php cmd.php 手动执行查看出错信息

4. cacti部分图片显示不了　　cacti目录路径/var/www/html/cacti/include/config.php下
$url_path = "/cacti/";　或include/global.php下指定cacti路径

/* set URL path */

if (! isset($url_path)) {

        $url_path = "/cacti/";

}

5. 创建模板不成功查看出错日志：CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Assoc Failed!, Error:'1064', SQL:"SELECT * FROM thold_template ORDER BY name ASC LIMIT 0,"

谷歌了N久答案：Just goto Console->Settings->Thresholds and press the save button　　OK

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交换机模板添加

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交换机模板：ucd/net SNMP Host 或Generic SNMP-enabled Host可以监听多个端口信息。

对于H3C交换机网卡端口号太长显示不全问题，GigabitEthernet0/0/1显示成GigabitEthernet，更改：

Console ->Settings  ->Visual ->Maximum Field Length: 默认15,修改成50就好了，具体自己定。

设备里重新加载下Devices->SW01->Data Query Nameàucd->小圆圈Reload Data Query.

The maximum number of characters to display for a data query field