apache: tomcats
(1) apache:
mod_proxy
mod_proxy_http 實現代理
mod_proxy_balancer 實現負載均衡
tomcat:
http connector http連接器
(2) apache:
mod_proxy
mod_proxy_ajp ajp模塊
mod_proxy_balancer
tomcat:
ajp connector ajp連接器
(3) apache:
mod_jk
tomcat:
ajp connector
方案一：使用nginx反代用戶請求到tomcat：（實現負載均衡和session綁定）
配置hosts文件：
192.168.20.1 node1.lee.com node1
192.168.20.2 node2.lee.com node2
192.168.20.8 node4.lee.com node4
192.168.20.7 node3.lee.com node3
前端nginx配置實現負載均衡：
1.在http上下文定義upstream server
upstream tcsrvs {
ip_hash； 實現session綁定
server node1.lee.com:8080;
server node2.lee.com:8080;
}
2.在server段中調用：
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
location ~* \.(jsp|do)$ {
proxy_pass http://tcsrvs;
}
後端兩個tomcat配置server.xml：
示例只給了第一臺的配置，第二臺的只需將所有node1改爲node2即可
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="node1.lee.com">
<Host name="node1.lee.com" appBase="/data/webapps/" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Context path="" docBase="/data/webapps" reloadable="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs"
prefix="web1_access_log" suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
/data/webapps/index.jsp文件：
<%@ page language="java" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP Test Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("Hello, world."); %>
</body>
</html>方案二：使用httpd反代用戶請求到tomcat
前端httpd反代配置：
<proxy balancer://lbcluster1>
BalancerMember http://172.16.100.68:8080 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember http://172.16.100.69:8080 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB
</proxy>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName web1.lee.com
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost On
<Proxy *>
Order Deny,Allow
Allow from all
</Proxy>
ProxyPass /status !
ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster1/
ProxyPa***everse / balancer://lbcluster1/
<Location />
Order Deny,Allow
Allow from all
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
後端tomcat主機配置：此處爲node1主機，node2主機設置爲 jvmRoute="TomcatB"，測試頁也做相應替換
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="node1.lee.com" jvmRoute="TomcatA"> #jvmRoute爲了讓前端httpd可以精確識別自己，使用jvmRoute作爲標示
編輯測試頁面：/data/webapps/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">TomcatA.lee.com</font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td> <% session.setAttribute("lee.com","lee.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>測試：
發現即便調度到同一主機session也會變，更不用說不調度在同一主機
解決：修改這兩行，使用session粘×××
Header add Set-Cookie "ROUTEID=.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e; path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED
<proxy balancer://lbcluster1>
BalancerMember http://192.168.20.1:8080 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember http://192.168.20.2:8080 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB
ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID
</proxy>測試後發現session綁定成功
使用ajp連接：只需要修改兩行
#Header add Set-Cookie "ROUTEID=.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e; path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED
註釋上面一行是因爲使用ajp協議的話只需要ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID一條語句即可綁定
<proxy balancer://lbcluster1>
BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.68:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.69:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB
ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID
</proxy>方案三：使用mod_jk作反向代理，使用mod_jk後端連接只能使用ajp協議 tar xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.40-src.tar.gz cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.40-src/native 準備編譯環境： yum install httpd-devel gcc glibc-devel yum groupinstall "Development tools" mod_jk依賴於apxs [root@node3 rpm]# which apxs /usr/sbin/apxs 在native目錄下： ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs 裝載mod_jk模塊：在httpd.conf文件中： LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so 查看是否裝載成功： [root@node3 conf]# httpd -M | grep jk Syntax OK jk_module (shared) 配置jk_module屬性：httpd.conf中 JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel debug JkMount /* TomcatA #此處的TomcatA必須與後端Tomcat的engine中定義哪個TomcatA的一致 JkMount /status/ stat1 創建/etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties worker.list=TomcatA,stat1 worker.TomcatA.port=8009 worker.TomcatA.host=192.168.20.1 worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13 worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1 worker.stat1.type = status 訪問mod_jk自帶的status頁面：此頁面也有管理功能
改爲負載均衡：並且會話綁定功能 修改httpd.conf： JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel debug JkMount /* lbcluster1 JkMount /jkstatus/ stat1 修改/etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties worker.list = lbcluster1,stat1 worker.TomcatA.type = ajp13 worker.TomcatA.host = 192.168.20.1 worker.TomcatA.port = 8009 worker.TomcatA.lbfactor = 5 worker.TomcatB.type = ajp13 worker.TomcatB.host = 192.168.20.2 worker.TomcatB.port = 8009 worker.TomcatB.lbfactor = 5 worker.lbcluster1.type = lb worker.lbcluster1.sticky_session = 1 worker.lbcluster1.balance_workers = TomcatA, TomcatB worker.stat1.type = status 測試成功
介紹：proxy-balancer-manager模塊頁面的使用
<proxy balancer://lbcluster1> BalancerMember http://192.168.20.1:8080 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA BalancerMember http://192.168.20.2:8080 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID </proxy> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName web1.lee.com ProxyVia On ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On <Location /balancer-manager> SetHandler balancer-manager ProxyPass ! Order Deny,Allow Allow from all </Location> <Proxy *> Order Deny,Allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass /status ! ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster1/ ProxyPa***everse / balancer://lbcluster1/ <Location /> Order Deny,Allow Allow from all </Location> </VirtualHost>
測試：
delta-manager實現會話複製集羣實現
在server.xml中Host上下文中添加：
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.1.7"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="192.168.20.1" #node2改成192.168.20.2
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
配置我們的特定應用程序調用上面的cluster功能
[root@node1 conf]# cp web.xml /data/webapps/WEB-INF/
[root@node1 conf]# vim /data/webapps/WEB-INF/web.xml
添加<distributable/>
[root@node1 conf]# scp /data/webapps/WEB-INF/web.xml node2:/data/webapps/WEB-INF/
web.xml 100% 163KB 162.7KB/s 00:00
查看日誌，發現集羣中加入了主機：
tail -100 /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out
01-Nov-2015 00:09:04.215 INFO [Membership-MemberAdded.] org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster.memberAdded Replication member added:org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.MemberImpl[tcp://{192, 168, 20, 2}:4000,{192, 168, 20, 2},4000, alive=1036, securePort=-1, UDP Port=-1, id={-40 -58 -73 -47 -114 -18 76 74 -81 -66 125 -30 -36 -78 -87 -23 }, payload={}, command={}, domain={}, ]測試發現儘管負載均衡切換了主機，但是session不會改變
同理，使用Mod_jk和ajp連接後端也成功，使用nginx做反代也行，這裏就不綴餘了
使用msm實現session服務器實現：
藉助於memcached：
yum install memcached [root@node3 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached PORT="11211" USER="memcached" MAXCONN="1024" CACHESIZE="64" OPTIONS="" 提供四個java類庫： [root@node1 msm-1.8.3]# ls memcached-session-manager-1.8.3.jar msm-javolution-serializer-1.8.3.jar memcached-session-manager-tc8-1.8.3.jar spymemcached-2.10.2.jar javolution-5.5.1.jar 放置於兩臺tomcat服務器的/usr/local/tomcat/lib目錄下： [root@node1 ~]# scp -r msm-1.8.3/ node2:/usr/local/tomcat/lib The authenticity of host 'node2 (192.168.20.2)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is d5:69:d0:fc:ce:90:14:14:6d:4c:52:82:53:a5:ed:0b. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'node2,192.168.20.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@node2's password: spymemcached-2.10.2.jar 100% 429KB 428.8KB/s 00:00 memcached-session-manager-tc8-1.8.3.jar 100% 10KB 10.2KB/s 00:00 msm-javolution-serializer-1.8.3.jar 100% 69KB 69.4KB/s 00:00 memcached-session-manager-1.8.3.jar 100% 144KB 143.6KB/s 00:00 javolution-5.5.1.jar 100% 144KB 143.6KB/s 00:00 編輯server.xml文件Host上下文中定義context <Context path="" docBase="/data/webapps" reloadable="true"> <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.20.7:11211,n2:192.168.20.8:11211" failoverNodes="n1" requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory" /> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve" deny="172\.16\.100\.100"/> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs" prefix="web1_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Context>