#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
class BigInt
{
private:
string values;
bool flag;
inline int compare(string s1, string s2)
{
if(s1.size() < s2.size())
return -1;
else if(s1.size() > s2.size())
return 1;
else
return s1.compare(s2);
}
public:
BigInt():values("0"),flag(true){};
BigInt(string str)
{
values = str;
flag = true;
}
public:
friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const BigInt& bigInt);//重載輸出操作符
friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, BigInt& bigInt);//輸入操作符重載
BigInt operator+(const BigInt& rhs);//加法操作重載
BigInt operator-(const BigInt& rhs);//減法操作重載
BigInt operator*(const BigInt& rhs);//乘法操作重載
BigInt operator/(const BigInt& rhs);//除法操作重載
};
/*
重載流提取運算符'>>'，輸出一個整數
*/
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const BigInt& bigInt)
{
if (!bigInt.flag)
{
os << '-';
}
os << bigInt.values;
return os;
}
/*
重載流插入運算符'>>'，輸入一個正整數
*/
istream& operator >> (istream& is, BigInt& bigInt)
{
string str;
is >> str;
bigInt.values = str;
bigInt.flag = true;
return is;
}
/*
兩個正整數相加
*/
BigInt BigInt::operator+(const BigInt& rhs)
{
BigInt ret;
ret.flag = true;//正整數相加恆爲正數
string lvalues(values), rvalues(rhs.values);
//處理特殊情況
if (lvalues == "0")
{
ret.values = rvalues;
return ret;
}
if (rvalues == "0")
{
ret.values = lvalues;
return ret;
}
//調整s1與s2的長度
unsigned int i, lsize, rsize;
lsize = lvalues.size();
rsize = rvalues.size();
if (lsize < rsize)
{
for (i = 0; i < rsize - lsize; i++)//在lvalues左邊補零
{
lvalues = "0" + lvalues;
}
}
else
{
for (i = 0; i < lsize - rsize; i++)//在rvalues左邊補零
{
rvalues = "0" + rvalues;
}
}
//處理本質情況
int n1, n2;
n2 = 0;
lsize = lvalues.size();
string res = "";
reverse(lvalues.begin(), lvalues.end());//顛倒字符串，以方便從低位算起計算
reverse(rvalues.begin(), rvalues.end());
for (i = 0; i < lsize; i++)
{
n1 = (lvalues[i] - '0' + rvalues[i] - '0' + n2) % 10;//n1代表當前位的值
n2 = (lvalues[i] - '0' + rvalues[i] - '0' + n2) / 10;//n2代表進位
res = res + char(n1 + '0');
}
if (n2 == 1)
{
res = res + "1";
}
reverse(res.begin(), res.end());
ret.values = res;
return ret;
}
/*
兩個正整數相減
*/
BigInt BigInt::operator-(const BigInt& rhs)
{
BigInt ret;
string lvalues(values), rvalues(rhs.values);
//處理特殊情況
if (rvalues == "0")
{
ret.values = lvalues;
ret.flag = true;
return ret;
}
if (lvalues == "0")
{
ret.values = rvalues;
ret.flag = false;
return ret;
}
//調整s1與s2的長度
unsigned int i, lsize, rsize;
lsize = lvalues.size();
rsize = rvalues.size();
if (lsize < rsize)
{
for (i = 0; i < rsize - lsize; i++)//在lvalues左邊補零
{
lvalues = "0" + lvalues;
}
}
else
{
for (i = 0; i < lsize - rsize; i++)//在rvalues左邊補零
{
rvalues = "0" + rvalues;
}
}
//調整使‘-’號前邊的數大於後邊的數
int t = lvalues.compare(rvalues);//相等返回0，str1<str2返回負數，str1>str2返回正數
if (t < 0)
{
ret.flag = false;
string tmp = lvalues;
lvalues = rvalues;
rvalues = tmp;
}
else if (t == 0)
{
ret.values = "0";
ret.flag = true;
return ret;
}
else
{
ret.flag = true;
}
//處理本質情況
unsigned int j;
lsize = lvalues.size();
string res = "";
reverse(lvalues.begin(), lvalues.end());//顛倒字符串，以方便從低位算起計算
reverse(rvalues.begin(), rvalues.end());
for (i = 0; i < lsize; i++)
{
if (lvalues[i] < rvalues[i])//不足，向前借一維
{
j = 1;
while(lvalues[i+j] == '0')
{
lvalues[i+j] = '9';
j++;
}
lvalues[i+j] -= 1;
res = res + char(lvalues[i] + ':' - rvalues[i]);
}
else
{
res = res + char(lvalues[i] - rvalues[i] + '0');
}
}
reverse(res.begin(), res.end());
res.erase(0, res.find_first_not_of('0'));//去掉前導零
ret.values = res;
return ret;
}
/*
兩個正整數相乘
*/
BigInt BigInt::operator*(const BigInt& rhs)
{
BigInt ret;
string lvalues(values), rvalues(rhs.values);
//處理特殊情況
if (lvalues == "0" || rvalues == "0")
{
ret.values = "0";
ret.flag = true;
return ret;
}
unsigned int lsize, rsize;
lsize = lvalues.size();
rsize = rvalues.size();
string temp;
BigInt res, itemp;
//讓lvalues的長度最長
if (lvalues < rvalues)
{
temp = lvalues;
lvalues = rvalues;
rvalues = temp;
lsize = lvalues.size();
rsize = rvalues.size();
}
//處理本質情況
int i, j, n1, n2, n3, t;
reverse(lvalues.begin(), lvalues.end());//顛倒字符串
reverse(rvalues.begin(), rvalues.end());
for (i = 0; i < rsize; i++)
{
temp = "";
n1 = n2 = n3 = 0;
for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
{
temp = temp + "0";
}
n3 = rvalues[i] - '0';
for (j = 0; j < lsize; j++)
{
t = (n3*(lvalues[j] - '0') + n2);
n1 = t % 10;//n1記錄當前位置的值
n2 = t / 10;//n2記錄進位的值
temp = temp + char(n1 + '0');
}
if (n2)
{
temp = temp + char(n2 + '0');
}
reverse(temp.begin(), temp.end());
itemp.values = temp;
res = res + itemp;
}
ret = res;
return ret;
}
/*
兩個正整數相除
*/
BigInt BigInt::operator/(const BigInt& rhs)
{
BigInt ret;
string lvalues(values), rvalues(rhs.values);
string quotient;
//處理特殊情況
if(rvalues == "0")
{
ret.values = "error";//輸出錯誤
ret.flag = true;
return ret;
}
if(lvalues == "0")
{
ret.values = "0";
ret.flag = true;
return ret;
}
if(compare(lvalues, rvalues) < 0)
{
ret.values = "0";
ret.flag = true;
return ret;
}
else if(compare(lvalues, rvalues) == 0)
{
ret.values = "1";
ret.flag = true;
return ret;
}
else
{
//處理本質情況
string temp;
unsigned int lsize, rsize;
lsize = lvalues.size();
rsize = rvalues.size();
int i;
if(rsize > 1) temp.append(lvalues, 0, rsize-1);
for(i = rsize - 1; i < lsize; i++)
{
temp = temp + lvalues[i];
//試商
for(char c = '9'; c >= '0'; c--)
{
BigInt t = (BigInt)rvalues * (BigInt)string(1, c);
BigInt s = (BigInt)temp - t;
if(s.flag == true)
{
temp = s.values;
quotient = quotient + c;
break;
}
}
}
}
//去除前導零
quotient.erase(0, quotient.find_first_not_of('0'));
ret.values = quotient;
ret.flag = true;
return ret;
}
int main()
{
int T;
cin>>T;
BigInt a,b,result;
while(T--)
{
cin>>a>>b;
result = a*b-a/a+b;
cout << result << endl;
}
return 0;
}