typescript常見類型聲明

以下代碼截取自es5的聲明
前提說明：T是接口，方便理解，實際情況可能是複雜類型
interface T {
name: string
age: number
sex: 'male' | 'female'
}
還有一點：keyof T === 'name' | 'age' | 'sex'

/**
 * T的屬性變成可選的
 */
type Partial<T> = {
    [P in keyof T]?: T[P];
};

/**
 * T的屬性變成必選的
 */
type Required<T> = {
    [P in keyof T]-?: T[P];
};

/**
 * T的屬性變成只讀的
 */
type Readonly<T> = {
    readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P];
};

/**
 * 得到T,K共有的屬性
 */
type Pick<T, K extends keyof T> = {
    [P in K]: T[P];
};

/**
 * 把K的key值類型設置爲T
 */
type Record<K extends keyof any, T> = {
    [P in K]: T;
};

/**
 * U的屬性在T中都能找到時返回never，否則返回T
 */
type Exclude<T, U> = T extends U ? never : T;

/**
 * U的屬性在T中都能找到時返回T，否則返回never
 */
type Extract<T, U> = T extends U ? T : never;

/**
 * Construct a type with the properties of T except for those in type K.
 */
type Omit<T, K extends keyof any> = Pick<T, Exclude<keyof T, K>>;

/**
 * Exclude null and undefined from T
 */
type NonNullable<T> = T extends null | undefined ? never : T;

/**
 * Obtain the parameters of a function type in a tuple
 */
type Parameters<T extends (...args: any) => any> = T extends (...args: infer P) => any ? P : never;

/**
 * Obtain the parameters of a constructor function type in a tuple
 */
type ConstructorParameters<T extends new (...args: any) => any> = T extends new (...args: infer P) => any ? P : never;

/**
 * Obtain the return type of a function type
 */
type ReturnType<T extends (...args: any) => any> = T extends (...args: any) => infer R ? R : any;

/**
 * Obtain the return type of a constructor function type
 */
type InstanceType<T extends new (...args: any) => any> = T extends new (...args: any) => infer R ? R : any;