Ubuntu 16.04 設置靜態 IP / 固定 IP
1. ifconfig -> enp3s0
網絡連接名稱：enp3s0
IP 地址：192.168.6.37
strong@foreverstrong:~$ ifconfig
enp3s0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1c:1b:0d:e3:af:e9
inet addr:192.168.6.37 Bcast:192.168.6.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::1b78:61:bd4c:2d87/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1808365712 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:10376878243 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:196698885166 (196.6 GB) TX bytes:15639587311254 (15.6 TB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:78508 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:78508 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:8266536 (8.2 MB) TX bytes:8266536 (8.2 MB)
strong@foreverstrong:~$
2. nmcli device show [ifname] -> IP4.DNS[1]
Show detailed information about devices. Without an argument, all devices are examined. To get information for a specific device, the interface name has to be provided.
顯示有關設備的詳細信息。沒有參數，所有設備都會被檢查。要獲取特定設備的信息，必須提供接口名稱。
strong@foreverstrong:~$ nmcli device show
GENERAL.DEVICE: enp3s0
GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR: 1C:1B:0D:E3:AF:E9
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: Auto Ethernet
GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.6.37/24
IP4.GATEWAY: 192.168.6.1
IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst = ***.***.***.***/16, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 1000
IP4.DNS[1]: ***.***.***.***
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::1b78:61:bd4c:2d87/64
IP6.GATEWAY:
GENERAL.DEVICE: lo
GENERAL.TYPE: loopback
GENERAL.HWADDR: 00:00:00:00:00:00
GENERAL.MTU: 65536
GENERAL.STATE: 10 (unmanaged)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: --
GENERAL.CON-PATH: --
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 127.0.0.1/8
IP4.GATEWAY:
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: ::1/128
IP6.GATEWAY:
strong@foreverstrong:~$
3. /etc/network/interfaces
修改配置文件。
3.1 cat /etc/network/interfaces
strong@foreverstrong:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
strong@foreverstrong:~$
3.2 sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces
strong@foreverstrong:~$
Esc -> :wq!
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
# auto lo
# iface lo inet loopback
# yongqiang cheng
#網絡連接名稱
auto enp3s0
# 設置爲靜態
iface enp3s0 inet static
# 設置靜態 IP 地址
address 192.168.6.37
# 設置子網掩碼
netmask 255.255.255.0
# 設置網關
gateway 192.168.6.1
# 設置 DNS
dns-nameservers 221.11.***.***
3.3 cat /etc/network/interfaces
strong@foreverstrong:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
# auto lo
# iface lo inet loopback
# yongqiang cheng
auto enp3s0
iface enp3s0 inet static
address 192.168.6.37
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.6.1
dns-nameservers 221.11.***.***
strong@foreverstrong:~$
3.4 cat /etc/resolv.conf
strong@foreverstrong:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 127.0.1.1
strong@foreverstrong:~$
4. restart
重啓網絡服務。
4.1 sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
[....] Restarting networking (via systemctl): networking.serviceJob for networking.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status networking.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
failed!
strong@foreverstrong:~$
4.2 sudo service network-manager restart
Ubuntu 16.04 使用 sudo service network-manager restart。
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo service network-manager restart
strong@foreverstrong:~$
5. reboot
strong@foreverstrong:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 221.11.1.67
strong@foreverstrong:~$
strong@foreverstrong:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
# auto lo
# iface lo inet loopback
# yongqiang cheng
auto enp3s0
iface enp3s0 inet static
address 192.168.6.37
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.6.1
dns-nameservers 221.11.***.***
strong@foreverstrong:~$
strong@foreverstrong:~$ ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=23.8 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=23.9 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=24.4 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=23.6 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 23.652/23.977/24.461/0.298 ms
strong@foreverstrong:~$
Server 版和 Desktop 版兩種版本的設置方式有很大區別，主要在於軟件的問題。Service 版依照常規設置即可，但是 Desktop 版有 Network-manager 的軟件，該軟件是簡化 IP 的設置。如果按照 Server 版的設置後，重啓 Network-manager 就會失效，不是重啓服務生效。
/etc/resolv.conf 設置 DNS，重啓後文件內容會被覆蓋。如果要持久的保存，需要修改：/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base。
sudo service network-manager stop 停止 network-manager 服務。
Ubuntu 使用網絡管理器而不是傳統的 Linux 網絡模型。所以你應該重新啓動 network-manager 服務而不是 network 服務。