LSGO——LeetCode实战（树系列）：124题 二叉树中的最大路径和(Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum)

给定一个非空二叉树，返回其最大路径和。

本题中，路径被定义为一条从树中任意节点出发，达到任意节点的序列。该路径至少包含一个节点，且不一定经过根节点。

示例 1:

输入: [1,2,3]

   1
  / \
 2   3

输出: 6
示例 2:

输入: [-10,9,20,null,null,15,7]

-10
/
9 20
/
15 7

输出: 42

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/binary-tree-maximum-path-sum
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

解

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution:
    def maxPathSum(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
        def max_gain(node):
            nonlocal max_sum
            if not node:
                return 0

            # max sum on the left and right sub-trees of node
            left_gain = max(max_gain(node.left), 0)
            right_gain = max(max_gain(node.right), 0)
            
            # the price to start a new path where `node` is a highest node
            price_newpath = node.val + left_gain + right_gain
            
            # update max_sum if it's better to start a new path
            max_sum = max(max_sum, price_newpath)
        
            # for recursion :
            # return the max gain if continue the same path
            return node.val + max(left_gain, right_gain)
   
        max_sum = float('-inf')
        max_gain(root)
        return max_sum