原本想用kubeadm來安裝k8s，結果折騰了半天沒有成功，在看了下k8s的官方文檔後發現還有個叫做minikube的東西可以用來快速安裝k8s集羣。雖然是一個假的k8s集羣，但對於開發的我用來研究學習用也夠了，而且也只需要一臺機器就夠了，感覺很方便。
先上安裝好後minikube並訪問dashboard的截圖：
安裝環境說明
軟件環境：vm（cpu有2核或以上並開啓了虛擬化，內存2G以上，硬盤空間大於20G）
如果沒有開啓，在虛擬機系統關機狀態下修改即可：
虛擬機系統爲：Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS(desktop)
minikube啓動方式爲：VirtualBox
安裝過程
整體安裝過程還算是比較簡單的，看官方的教程即可：
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/
其主要步驟大致分爲如下幾步：
- 安裝virtualBox
- 安裝docker
- 下載並安裝kubectl
- 下載並安裝minikube
- 以virtualBox啓動minikube
1.virtualBox安裝
官方文檔：https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
root@ubuntu:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# 默認註釋了源碼鏡像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消註釋
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib
先在etc/apt/source.list中添加並修改deb的源，這裏用的清華大學的deb源，以便加速下載速度。
其中最後一行爲virtualbox的安裝源
然後分別執行如下命令導入key:
wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
返回ok代表成功
然後先更新源,再執行virtualbox的安裝
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install virtualbox-6.0
等一會兒後virtalbox就會安裝好了
2.安裝docker
sudo apt-get install docker.io
3.下載並安裝kubectl
其實這裏應該叫做下載並移動kubectl更合適一點
sudo curl -Lo kubectl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.10.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl && sudo chmod +x kubectl && sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
如果下載比較慢，可以通過自己的代理進行下載。比如我這裏的（192.168.113.1:7078爲自己http代理軟件開放的ip與端口）：
export http_proxy=http://192.168.113.1:7078
export https_proxy=http://192.168.113.1:7078
export配置的代理只對當前對話有效，如果想測試是否代理設置成功可用curl或wget測試。
用ping的話是不可以的，因爲ping是走的icmp協議，與http協議無任何關係
4.下載並安裝minikube
其實這裏應該叫做下載並移動minikube更合適一點
sudo curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 && sudo chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/
5.以virtualBox啓動minikube
minikube start
成功後會返回類似如下的信息,此過程可能會比慢，我這裏用了幾分鐘的時間才執行完：
ping@ubuntu:~$ sudo minikube start
* minikube v1.3.1 on Ubuntu 18.04
! Please don't run minikube as root or with 'sudo' privileges. It isn't necessary with virtualbox driver.
* Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2000MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
* Preparing Kubernetes v1.15.2 on Docker 18.09.8 ...
* Pulling images ...
* Launching Kubernetes ...
* Waiting for: apiserver proxy etcd scheduler controller dns
* Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube"
然後再運行下dashboard就可以了:
sudo minikube dashboard
ping@ubuntu:~$ sudo minikube dashboard
* Verifying dashboard health ...
* Launching proxy ...
* Verifying proxy health ...
* Opening http://127.0.0.1:40955/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...
Running Firefox as root in a regular user's session is not supported. ($HOME is /home/ping which is owned by ping.)
Running Firefox as root in a regular user's session is not supported. ($HOME is /home/ping which is owned by ping.)
Running Firefox as root in a regular user's session is not supported. ($HOME is /home/ping which is owned by ping.)
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: iceweasel: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: seamonkey: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: mozilla: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: epiphany: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: konqueror: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: chromium: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: chromium-browser: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: google-chrome: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: www-browser: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: links2: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: elinks: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: links: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: lynx: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: w3m: not found
xdg-open: no method available for opening 'http://127.0.0.1:40955/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/'
X failed to open browser: exit status 3
雖然上面報錯了，但它報的是瀏覽器的錯，沒有關係的。然後把提示出來的url自己複製下copy到虛擬機的ubuntu的瀏覽器裏就可以了。
至於後面的更詳細的操作參考k8s官方的文檔就可以了!