官網：http://httpd.apache.org/
包：httpd-2.4.20.tar.bz2
註釋：此處只考慮 2.4+ 的安裝與配置，基於CentOS 6 和 CentOS 7。
（1）環境準備。
~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
~]# tar -axf httpd-2.4.20.tar.bz2
~]# cd httpd-2.4.20/
（2）注意事項。
CentOS 6：注意事項
apr 與 apr-util 官網下載地址：http://apr.apache.org/download.cgi
版本要求：
(1) apr version >= 1.4+
~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
~]# make && make install
(2) apr-util version >= 1.4+
~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
~]# make && make install
（3）編譯安裝。
CentOS 6：
~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=all --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-pcre --with-libxml2 --enable-cgi --with-mpm=prefork
CentOS 7：
~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-modules=all --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-pcre --with-libxml2 --enable-cgi --with-mpm=prefork
~]# make && make install
註釋：
（1）--enable-mods-shared=all --enable-mods-static=all 只能選擇一個，選擇了 shared 之後還可以選擇部分 static。（非必選）
（2） --enable-load-all-modules 開啓所有的選項，不要使用，開啓了所有的會存在一些衝突，當需要的時候手動開啓即可。
（2）--enable-cgi 爲模塊。--with-pcre --with-libxml2 爲擴展。（非必選）
（3）--with-mpm=prefork 指定默認工作模型。（非必選）
（4）--with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util 爲 CentOS 6 系統的依賴。（CentOS 6 必選）
查看編譯了那些模塊：
~]# ls /usr/local/httpd/modules
查看加載了那些模塊：
~]# /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -M
===============================================
常用選項解釋：
Configuration:
-h, --help 顯示幫助文檔並退出
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX 指定安裝路徑
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--sysconfdir=DIR 指定配置文件路徑
Optional Features:
--enable-load-all-modules 開啓所有的加載模塊
--enable-modules=MODULE-LIST 開啓模塊 | "all" |"most" | "few" | "none" | "reallyall"
--enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST 共享模塊 |"all" | "most" | "few" | "reallyall"
--enable-mods-static=MODULE-LIST 靜態模塊 |"all" | "most" | "few" | "reallyall"
--enable-ssl SSL/TLS ：構建 https
--enable-mpms-shared=MPM-LIST 共享模塊 | "all"
--enable-rewrite url 重寫
--enable-vhost-alias 虛擬主機
--enable-proxy-fcgi FastCGI 模塊
--enable-so 允許運行時加載DSO模塊
Optional Packages:
--with-apr=PATH prefix for installed APR or the full path to apr-config
--with-apr-util=PATH prefix for installed APU or the full path to apu-config
--with-mpm=MPM 指定apache默認工作模式：MPM={event|worker|prefork|winnt}
--with-pcre=PATH perl語言兼容正則表達式)是一個用C語言編寫的正則表達式函數庫。
--with-libxml2=PATH Libxml2 是一個xml c語言版的解析器，還支持c++、PHP、Pascal、Ruby、Tcl等語言的綁定
========================================================
系統服務，啓動，庫，環境變量等設置。
（1）測試是否正常。
自帶啓動腳本：
/usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl （start | stop | restart | graceful | graceful-stop）
查看端口80是否被監聽：
ss -tnl
（2）加入環境變量
臨時生效：
~]# export PATH=/usr/local/httpd/bin:$PATH
永久生效：
~]# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/httpd/bin:$PATH
~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
測試：（apachectl 現在是一個命令）
~]# apachectl （start | stop | restart | graceful | graceful-stop）
（3）導出庫文件：
~]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/include /usr/include/httpd
（4）導出man手冊
CentOS 6：
~]# vim /etc/man.config
CentOS 7：
~]# vi /etc/man_db.conf
寫入：
MANPATH /usr/local/httpd/man
（5）服務腳本文件
CentOS 6：新加啓動腳本。
~]# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
-------------------------------------start----------------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible \
# server implementing the current HTTP standards.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: httpd
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Should-Start: distcache
# Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server
# Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server
# implementing the current HTTP standards.
### END INIT INFO
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/httpd/logs/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}
# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
# things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
# When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required
# before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the
# httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=6
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
# Force LSB behaviour from killproc
LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
failure $"httpd shutdown"
fi
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
stop
start
fi
;;
force-reload|reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
RETVAL=2
esac
exit $RETVAL
---------------------------------------------------end------------------------------------------------
CentOS 7 新加啓動腳本：
~]# vi
---------------------------------------------------start------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------end------------------------------------------------
（6）開機啓動
CentOS 6：
~]# chkconfig --add httpd
~]# chkconfig --level 345 httpd on
~]# chkconfig --list httpd
httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
CentOS 7：
（7）系統啓動與停止
CentOS 6：
service httpd （start | stop | restart）
CentOS 7：
systemctl （start | stop | restart） httpd.service
（7）語法測試
httpd -t