一、簡單介紹
在CentOS 7中對網絡管理還是有不少變化的,例如管理服務的命令變爲systemctl,許多命令可以更改後直接生效,還有許多獨有的工具,本文以CentOS 6與CentOS 7對比進行講解,下面現總體介紹一下網絡屬性配置工具。
ifcfg家族
ifcofnig:配置IP,NETMASK
route:路由
netstat:狀態及統計數據查看
iproute家族
ip OBJECT:
addr: 地址和掩碼
link:接口
route:路由
ss:狀態及統計數據查看
CentOS 7:nm(Network Manager)家族
nmcli:命令行工具
nmtui:text window工具
二、ifcfg家族配置管理
1、ifconfig命令:配置網絡接口(configure a network interface)
查看網絡配置:ifconfig [-a] [interface]
-a:查看當前系統上所有網絡接口的狀態及詳細信息,包括inactive狀態的接口
# ifconfig eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.18.250.108 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.18.255.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 267796 bytes 27852817 (26.5 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 4268 bytes 556507 (543.4 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) RX packets 56 bytes 4760 (4.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 56 bytes 4760 (4.6 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
CentOS 7:ifconfig命令顯示參數詳解
eno1677736:網卡名稱
inet:ip地址
netmask:子網掩碼
broadcast:廣播地址
UP:網卡表示激活狀態
BROADCAST:支持廣播功能
MULTICAST:支持組播功能
RUNNING:處於運行狀態
mtu:網卡的最大傳輸單元
inet6:表示IPV6地址
ether:以太網地址,表示mac地址
txqueuelen:傳輸隊列長度
RX packets 267796 bytes 27852817 (26.5 MiB):接收到報文的數量,後面表示接 收到所有報文的大小
RX errors:接收到錯誤報文的個數
dropped:丟包的數量
overruns:溢出的
TX packets 4268 bytes 556507 (543.4 KiB):傳出到報文的數量,後面表示傳出所 有報文的大小
TX errors:傳出報文的錯誤數量
dropped:發送出去丟包數量
此處爲CentOS 6上使用ifconfig的顯示(注意:不標明的都默認指CentOS7,當與CentOS不同時會標註)
# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:7B inet addr:172.18.251.87 Bcast:172.18.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:457b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:303612 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2296 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:31934172 (30.4 MiB) TX bytes:261862 (255.7 KiB) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85 inet addr:192.168.200.3 Bcast:192.168.200.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:4585/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:292609 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:202 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:30767674 (29.3 MiB) TX bytes:26126 (25.5 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
CentOS 6:ifconfig命令顯示參數詳解
eth0:網卡名稱
Link encap:接口類型
inet addr:ip地址
Bcast:廣播地址
Mask:子網掩碼
inet6 addr:IPV6地址
UP:網卡表示激活狀態
BROADCAST:支持廣播功能
MULTICAST:支持組播功能
RUNNING:處於運行狀態
mtu:網卡的最大傳輸單元
ether:以太網地址,表示mac地址
txqueuelen:傳輸隊列長度
RX packets 接收到報文的數量
errors:接收到錯誤報文的個數
dropped:丟包的數量
overruns:溢出的
TX packets 傳出到報文的數量
errors:傳出報文的錯誤數量
dropped:丟包的數量
overruns:溢出的
RX bytes: 接收到報文的總大小
TX bytes: 傳輸報文的總大小
# ifconfig -a eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.18.250.108 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.18.255.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 267877 bytes 27861934 (26.5 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 4283 bytes 559025 (545.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eno33554984: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 257603 bytes 26825123 (25.5 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 269 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 38 bytes 3900 (3.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) RX packets 56 bytes 4760 (4.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 56 bytes 4760 (4.6 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
可以指定接口名稱,進行單獨查看
# ifconfig eno33554984 eno33554984: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 257603 bytes 26825123 (25.5 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 269 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 38 bytes 3900 (3.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
修改網絡配置:ifconfig [-v] interface [aftype] options | address ...
方式一:
# ifconfig eno33554984 192.168.200.5/24 up # ifconfig eno33554984 eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.200.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.200.255 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 259004 bytes 26985088 (25.7 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 271 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 40 bytes 4020 (3.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
# 注意此配置僅限臨時生效,重啓網絡服務或者重啓系統,內核會重讀配置文件,將配置文件中的參數在執行一遍.
方式二:
# ifconfig eno33554984 192.168.100.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 up # ifconfig eno33554984 eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.100.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 260398 bytes 27138591 (25.8 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 273 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 40 bytes 4020 (3.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
2、route命令:查看及管理路由(route - show / manipulate the IP routing table)
命令格式:route add [-net|-host] target [netmask Nm] [gw GW] [[dev] If]
-net:表示添加網絡路由
-host:表示添加主機路由
gw:爲默認網關
查看:
route -n
# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777736 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777736 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eno33554984
添加路由:
# route add -net 10.0.0.0/8 gw 192.168.100.5 dev eno33554984 # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777736 10.0.0.0 192.168.100.5 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eno33554984 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777736 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eno33554984
刪除路由:
# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777736 10.0.0.0 192.168.100.5 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eno33554984 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777736 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eno33554984 # route del -net 10.0.0.0/8 # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777736 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777736 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eno33554984
3、netstat命令:打印網絡連接,路由表,接口等信息(Print network connections, routing tables, interface statis﹖ics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships)
顯示網絡連接:
netstat [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--udplite|-U] [--sctp|-S] [--raw|-w] [--listening|-l] [--all|-a] [--numeric|-n] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--program|-p]
-t:TCP協議的相關連接,連接均有其狀態
-u:UDP協議相關的連接
-w:raw socket相關的;連接
-l:處於監聽狀態的連接
-a:所有狀態
-n:以數字格式顯示IP和Port
-e:擴展格式
-p:顯示相關的進程及PID
# 常用組合:
-tan,-una,-tnl,-unl,-tunlp,-antup
# netstat -tan Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 172.18.250.108:22 172.18.4.1:49701 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 172.18.250.108:22 172.18.4.1:49924 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN # netstat -uan Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10042 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* udp6 0 0 :::50626 :::* # netstat -tunlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1054/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1052/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1143/master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1190/sshd: root@pts tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5116/sshd: root@pts tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1054/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1052/cupsd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1143/master tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 1190/sshd: root@pts tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 5116/sshd: root@pts udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10042 0.0.0.0:* 4399/dhclient udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 752/chronyd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 4399/dhclient udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 752/chronyd udp6 0 0 :::50626 :::* 4399/dhclient # netstat -antup Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1054/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1052/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1143/master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1190/sshd: root@pts tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5116/sshd: root@pts tcp 0 52 172.18.250.108:22 172.18.4.1:49701 ESTABLISHED 1190/sshd: root@pts tcp 0 0 172.18.250.108:22 172.18.4.1:49924 ESTABLISHED 5116/sshd: root@pts tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1054/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1052/cupsd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1143/master tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 1190/sshd: root@pts tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 5116/sshd: root@pts udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10042 0.0.0.0:* 4399/dhclient udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 752/chronyd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 4399/dhclient udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 752/chronyd udp6 0 0 :::50626 :::* 4399/dhclient
顯示路由表:netstat -rn
-r:顯示內核路由表
-n:數字格式顯示
# netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eno16777736 10.0.0.0 192.168.100.5 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eno33554984 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eno16777736 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eno33554984
顯示藉口的統計數據:
netstat {--interfaces|-I|-i} [iface] [--all|-a] [--extend|-e] [--verbose|-v] [--program|-p] [--numeric|-n]
所有接口:
netstat -i
# netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eno16777 1500 295676 0 0 0 5992 0 0 0 BMRU eno33554 1500 281789 0 313 0 40 0 0 0 BMRU lo 65536 60 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 LRU
具體值:
Iface:藉口
MTU:最大傳輸單元
RX-OK:成功接收報文的數量
RX-ERR:失敗的傳輸報文的數量
RX-DRP:接收丟棄的報文數量
RX-OVR:接收溢出的報文數量
TX-OK:成功傳輸報文的數量
TX-ERR:失敗的傳輸報文的數量
TX-DRP:傳出丟棄的傳輸數量
TX-OVR:傳出溢出的傳輸數量
Flg:標誌
4、ifup/ifdown命令:
# 注意:通過配置文件/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-IFACE來識別接口並完成配置
# 此處在顯示上CentOS 6與CentOS 7有所不同
CentOS 6: 在使用ifdown命令時,禁用的接口用ifconfig命令顯示不出來,且在顯示中也沒有UP選項,如需顯示需要指定接口或者使用-a選項
# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:7B inet addr:172.18.251.87 Bcast:172.18.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:457b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:320170 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2653 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:33769657 (32.2 MiB) TX bytes:313476 (306.1 KiB) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85 inet addr:192.168.200.3 Bcast:192.168.200.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:4585/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:306513 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:218 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:32321812 (30.8 MiB) TX bytes:27212 (26.5 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) # ifdown eth1 # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:7B inet addr:172.18.251.87 Bcast:172.18.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:457b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:319600 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2601 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:33705819 (32.1 MiB) TX bytes:305610 (298.4 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) # ifconfig eth1 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:306469 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:211 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:32316117 (30.8 MiB) TX bytes:26744 (26.1 KiB) # ifup eth1 Determining if ip address 192.168.200.3 is already in use for device eth1... # ifconfig eth1 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85 inet addr:192.168.200.3 Bcast:192.168.200.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:4585/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:308152 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:230 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:32503780 (30.9 MiB) TX bytes:28040 (27.3 KiB)
CentOS 7:在CentOS 7 上用ifdown命令禁用網卡UP選項不會消失,但是IP沒有顯示,此處與CentOS 6相同
# ifconfig eno33554984 eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.100.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 313238 bytes 33067566 (31.5 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 349 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 42 bytes 4140 (4.0 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 # ifdown eno33554984 Device 'eno33554984' successfully disconnected. # ifconfig eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.18.250.108 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.18.255.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 327832 bytes 34538419 (32.9 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 6428 bytes 919810 (898.2 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 313451 bytes 33089849 (31.5 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 349 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 42 bytes 4140 (4.0 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) RX packets 64 bytes 5440 (5.3 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 64 bytes 5440 (5.3 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 # ifup eno33554984 Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/12) # ifconfig eno33554984 eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.100.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 314723 bytes 33233696 (31.6 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 349 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 44 bytes 4260 (4.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
5、配置主機名:
hostname命令:
查看:hostname
配置:hostname HOSTNAME
當前系統有效,重啓後無效
# hostname centos6.7 # hostname myserver # hostname myserver
hostnamectl命令(CentOS 7):
hostnamectl status:顯示當前主機名信息
hostnamectl set-hostname:設定主機名,永久有效
# hostnamectl status Static hostname: centos7 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864 Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7 Virtualization: vmware Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7 Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64 # hostnamectl set-hostname centos7.2 # hostnamectl status Static hostname: centos7.2 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864 Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7 Virtualization: vmware Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7 Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64
# 注意hostname在Centos 7上面也可以使用,但是設置後顯示臨時主機名
例:
# hostnamectl status Static hostname: centos7.2 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864 Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7 Virtualization: vmware Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7 Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64 # hostname centos777 # hostnamectl status Static hostname: centos7.2 Transient hostname: hello Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864 Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7 Virtualization: vmware Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7 Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64 # hostname centos777
配置文件:
CentOS6:/etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=<HOSTNAME>
# hostname myserver # vim /etc/sysconfig/network # cat /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=mycentos6 # hostname myserver
CentOS7:/etc/hostname
HOSTNAME
# hostnamectl status Static hostname: centos7 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864 Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7 Virtualization: vmware Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7 Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64 # vim /etc/hostname # cat /etc/hostname mycentos7 # hostnamectl status Static hostname: centos7 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864 Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7 Virtualization: vmware Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7 Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64
# 注意:在CentOS 6中此方法不會立即生效,但是在CentOS 7中會立即生效
6、配置DNS服務器指向:
配置文件:/etc/resolv.conf
nameserverDNS_SERVER_IP
如何測試(host/nslookup/dig):
# dig -t A FQDN
FQDN --> IP
# dig -x IP
IP --> FQDN
# dig 命令的好處在於,他不檢查hosts文件中的定義,直接去dns服務器解析
三、iproute家族配置管理
1、ip命令
show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
查看和配置 路由表、設備、策略路由等
ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
OBJECT := { link | addr | route | netns }
a、ip link
網絡設備配置(network device configuration)
1、ip link set:改變設備屬性
(1)dev NAME (default):指明要管理的設備,dev關鍵字可省略;
(2)up和down:
# ip link set eno33554984 down # ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff # ip link set eno33554984 up # ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
(3)multicast on或multicast off:啓用或禁用多播功能;
# 關閉後可以看到沒有UP選項,表示此網卡已關閉
(4)name NAME:重命名接口
# ip link set eno33554984 down # ip link set eno33554984 name eno666777888 # ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# 改名時需要關閉網卡設備
(5)mtu NUMBER:設置MTU的大小,默認爲1500;
# ip link set eno666777888 mtu 1000 # ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
(6)netns PID:ns爲namespace,用於將接口移動到指定的網絡名稱空間;(在後面會詳細講解)
2、ip link show:列出設備屬性
# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff # ip link show eno666777888 3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3、ip link help:顯示簡要使用幫助
b、ip netns # 注意:此命令僅在CentOS 7中支持
管理網絡名稱空間(manage network namespaces)
ip netns list:列出所有的netns # ip netns list myspace ip netns add NAME:創建指定的netns # ip netns add space1 # ip netns list space1 myspace ip netns del NAME:刪除指定的netns # ip netns del myspace # ip netns list space1 ip netns exec NAME COMMAND:在指定的netns中運行命令 # ip link set eno666777888 netns space1 # ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff # 加入名稱空間後 使用ip link show查看,可以看到此處看不到了eno66677788 # ip netns exec space1 ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# 使用此命令可以查看名稱空間space1中的網卡設備
c、ip address
協議地址管理(protocol address management)
ip address add:添加新的協議地址
[label NAME]:爲額外添加的地址指明接口別名
# ip add add label eno33554984:0 10.0.0.100/8 dev eno33554984 # ifconfig eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.18.250.108 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.18.255.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 372250 bytes 39402750 (37.5 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 9582 bytes 1347144 (1.2 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 inet 192.168.200.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 344492 bytes 36539558 (34.8 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 365 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 48 bytes 4500 (4.3 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eno33554984:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.0.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) RX packets 76 bytes 6460 (6.3 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 76 bytes 6460 (6.3 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [broadcast ADDRESS]:廣播地址;會根據IP和NETMASK自動計算得到
[scope SCOPE_VALUE]:作用域,默認設置爲global
global:全局可用;
link:接口可用;
host:僅本機可用;
# ip addr show eno33554984 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.200.2/24 scope global eno33554984 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever ip address delete:刪除協議地址 # ip addr show eno33554984 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.200.2/24 scope global eno33554984 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # ip add del 192.168.200.2/24 dev eno33554984 # ip addr show eno33554984 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ip address show:查看協議地址
# ip add show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.18.250.108/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736 valid_lft 63185sec preferred_lft 63185sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ip address flush:清除協議地址(清除某設備上的所有地址)
# ip add show eno33554984 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # ip add flush dev eno33554984 # ip add show eno33554984 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
d、ip route
路由表管理(routing table management)
ip route add:添加新的路由
# ip route add 20.0.0.0/8 via 10.0.0.20 dev eno33554984 # ip route show default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 10.0.0.0/8 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.0.200 20.0.0.0/8 via 10.0.0.20 dev eno33554984 172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.250.108 metric 100 192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.2 192.168.100.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.2
ip route change:修改路由
# ip route change 20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736 # ip route show default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 10.0.0.0/8 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.0.200 20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736 172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.250.108 metric 100 192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.2 192.168.100.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.2
ip route replace:改變或者添加新的路由(表示如果沒有就新添加)
ip route add TYPE PREFIX via GW [dev IFACE] [src SOURCE_IP]
ip route delete:刪除路由
# ip route show default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 10.0.0.0/8 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.0.200 20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736 172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.250.108 metric 100 192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.2 192.168.100.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.2 # ip route del 10.0.0.0/8 # ip route show default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736 172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.250.108 metric 100 192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.2 192.168.100.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.2
ip route show:查看路由
ip route flush:刪除路由表
# ip route flush 192.168.100/24 # ip route show default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736 172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.250.108 metric 100 192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.2
ip route get:查看一條路由
# ip route get 20.0.0.0/8 20.0.0.0 dev eno16777736 src 172.18.250.108 cache
2、ss命令
另一個套接字管理程序(another utility to investigate sockets)
ss [options] [FILTER]
選項:
-t:TCP協議的相關連接
-u:UDP相關的連接
-w:raw socket相關的連接
-l:監聽狀態的連接
-a:所有狀態的連接
-n:數字格式
-p:相關的程序及其PID
-e:擴展格式信息
-m:內存用量
-o:計時器信息
# 用法與netstat相同,組合方式也可以參照netstat
常用組合:-tan,-una,-tnl,-unl,-tunlp,-antup
# ss -tan State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:* ESTAB 0 52 172.18.250.108:22 172.18.4.1:49701 ESTAB 0 0 172.18.250.108:22 172.18.4.1:49924 LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::* # ss -uan State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port UNCONN 0 0 *:10042 *:* UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:68 *:* UNCONN 0 0 ::1:323 :::* UNCONN 0 0 :::50626 :::* FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ] [EXPRESSION] dport = sport = # ss -tan '( dport = 22 or sport = 22 )' State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* ESTAB 0 52 172.18.250.108:22 172.18.4.1:49701 ESTAB 0 0 172.18.250.108:22 172.18.4.1:49924 LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
四、管理網絡屬性之配置文件
IP/NETMASK/GW/DNS等配置文件:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-IFACE
路由相關的配置文件:/etc/sysconfig/networkj-scripts/route-IFACE
命令方式修改:
CentOS 6:system-config-network
setup
CentOS 7:nmtui
ifcfg-IFACE文件中的參數:
DEVICE:此配置文件對應的設備的名稱;
ONBOOT:在系統引導過程中,是否激活此接口;
UUID:此設備的惟一標識;
IPV6INIT:是否初始化IPv6;
BOOTPROTO:激活此接口時使用什麼協議來配置接口屬性,常用的有dhcp、bootp、static、none;
TYPE:接口類型,常見的有Ethernet, Bridge;
DNS1:第一DNS服務器指向;
DNS2:備用DNS服務器指向;
DOMAIN:DNS搜索域;
IPADDR: IP地址;
NETMASK:子網掩碼;CentOS 7支持使用PREFIX以長度方式指明子網掩碼;
GATEWAY:默認網關;
USERCTL:是否允許普通用戶控制此設備;
PEERDNS:如果BOOTPROTO的值爲“dhcp”,是否允許dhcp_server分配的dns服務器指向覆蓋本地手動指定的DNS服務器指向;默認爲允許;
HWADDR:設備的MAC地址;
NM_CONTROLLED:是否使用NetworkManager服務來控制接口;
示例:
CentOS 7:
IPV6INIT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=yes
UUID=fc03aa9a-32b4-4d25-9576-288a0e3cd39a
TYPE=Ethernet
DEFROUTE=yes
NAME="System eno16777736"
PEERDNS=yes
IPADDR=172.18.4.1
PREFIX=8
GATEWAY=172.18.0.1
DNS1=202.106.0.20
DNS2=172.18.0.1
CentOS 6:
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=00:0C:29:69:45:7B
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=1e9d304f-319a-4467-ac3c-67159f182f33
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
網絡服務:
network
NetworkManger
管理網絡服務:
CentOS 6: service {network|NetworkManager} {start|stop|restart|status}
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=10.0.0.100 PREFIX=8 GATEWAY=10.0.0.1 DNS1=202.106.0.20 # service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: Determining IP information for eth0... done. [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: Determining ip address 10.0.0.100 is already in use for device eth1.. [ OK ] # ifconfig eth1 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85 inet addr:10.0.0.100 Bcast:10.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:4585/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:411362 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:240 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:44602847 (42.5 MiB) TX bytes:28728 (28.0 KiB)
CentOS 7: systemctl {start|stop|restart|status} {network|NetworkManager}.service
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno33554984 # Generated by parse-kickstart BOOTPROTO=none DEVICE=eno33554984 ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Ethernet DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME="System eno33554984" PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPADDR=20.0.0.100 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=20.0.0.1 DNS1=202.106.0.20 # systemctl restart network.service # ifconfig eno33554984 eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 inet 20.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 20.0.0.255 ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 406943 bytes 44125370 (42.0 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 635 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 50 bytes 4620 (4.5 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
配置文件配置路由:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-IFACE
支持兩種配置方式,但不可混用;
(1) 每行一個路由條目:
TARGET via GW
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eno33554984 172.0.0.0/8 via 20.0.0.100 # systemctl restart network.service # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777736 0.0.0.0 20.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 eno33554984 20.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eno33554984 172.0.0.0 20.0.0.100 255.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno33554984 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777736
(2) 每三行一個路由條目:
ADDRESS#=TARGET
NETMASK#=MASK
GATEWAY#=NEXTHOP
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eno33554984 ADDRESS0=11.0.0.0 NETMASK0=255.0.0.0 GATEWAY0=20.0.0.100 # systemctl restart network.service # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777736 0.0.0.0 20.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 eno33554984 11.0.0.0 20.0.0.100 255.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno33554984 20.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eno33554984 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777736
# 此處就介紹到這,如果有錯誤希望大家及時支持,我長期更新,如果感覺還不錯可以收藏,或者添加友鏈。