<div class="output_wrapper" id="output_wrapper_id" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.6; word-spacing: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 id="h" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">前言</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">在日常工作中，我们所经常使用的 Linux 服务器操作系统，无论是要查看网络设备的信息、管理网络接口、下载文件、调试网络问题还是查看网络的统计数据，都可以在终端下用命令来完成。</p>
<h2 id="hifconfigipa" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ifconfig / ip a</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">命令 ifconfig 与 ip a 是类似的，用于输出网络接口配置、调优等各种选项，可便捷的查看 IP 地址和其它网络接口的信息以及查看所有启用的网络接口的状态、名字或指定网络接口名字来显示一个接口的信息。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ip a</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ifconfig</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ifconfig ens32</span>
<h2 id="hifdownifup" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ifdown / ifup</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">ifdown 和 ifup 跟命令 ifconfig down 和 ifconfig up 功能是一致的，主要用来给指定网络接口名来操作启用或禁用的状态，在 Ubuntu 上需要 root 权限可使用 sudo 来执行。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># sudo ifdown eth0</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># sudo ifup eth0</span>
<h2 id="hping" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ping</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">ping 发送报文到指定的 IP 地址，可测试联通性，使用 -c 参数，可以指定发送报文包的个数。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">执行 ping 命令将使用 ICMP 传输协议。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">如能 ping 通将进行输出要求响应的信息，ping 不通时，将显示没有路由或拒绝等相关性的响应信息，可根据输出信息来解决具体的网络情况；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">ping</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">-c</span> 4 <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.baidu</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span></pre>
<h2 id="htracepathtraceroute" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">tracepath / traceroute</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">tracepath 和 traceroute 命令功能类似，不需要root权限。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">Ubuntu 是预装了 tracepath 命令，traceroute 命令没有预装。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">tracepath 命令：可以追踪出到指定目的地址的网络路径，并进行输出了每个路径上的每一跳地址信息，当网络出现问题或是慢了，可使用 tracepath 命令可以查出网络在哪里断了或是慢了。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">traceroute 命令：用来追踪网络数据包的路由路径，数据包大小预设是 40Bytes。数据包从一个出发点到一个目的地，走的路由路径可能会不太一样，但大致上是相同的。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">tracepath</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.baidu</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span></pre>
# <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">traceroute</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.baidu</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span>
<h2 id="hmtr" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">mtr</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">mtr 命令：是把 ping 命令和 tracepath 命令合二为一了。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">mtr 会持续发包，并显示 Host Address 和每一跳 ping 所用的时间等；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">mtr</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.github</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span></pre>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">按键q或ctrl+c来进行退出。</p>
<figure style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><img src="http://q0a6rqubz.bkt.clouddn....; alt="" title="" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;"><figcaption style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 0.7em;"></figcaption></figure>
<h2 id="hifplugstatus" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ifplugstatus</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">Ubuntu 操作系统上是没有安装这个命令的，可通过下面的命令来安装：</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># sudo apt install ifplugd</span></pre>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">ifplugstatus 命令：用来查看所有网络接口的状态，也可以指定网络接口；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ifplugstatus</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-section" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lo: link beat detected</span>
<span class="hljs-section" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">ens32: link beat detected</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ifplugstatus ens32</span>
<span class="hljs-section" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">ens32: link beat detected</span>
<h2 id="hcurlwget" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">curl / wget</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">使用 curl 或 wget 命令，可直接在终端下载文件。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">curl 需在后面加一个参数选项：-O 再跟一个文件路径即可；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># curl -O http://www.freelogovectors.ne...;/span></pre>
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">100</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">282</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">100</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">282</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">156</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">00</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">01</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">00</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">01</span> --<span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:--</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:--</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">156</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ll | grep ubuntu_logo.png </span>
-rw-r--r-- <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1</span> root root <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">282</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">10</span>月 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">29</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">16</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">49</span> ubuntu_logo.png
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">wget 不需要任何参数选项，所下载的文件将存放置当前目录下；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># wget http:<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//www.freelogovectors.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/ubuntu_logo.png</span></span></pre>
<span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ll | grep ubuntu_logo.png </span>
-rw-r--r-- <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1</span> root root <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">95737</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">12</span>月 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">13</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2016</span> ubuntu_logo.png
<h2 id="hhost" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">host</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">host 命令：用来做 DNS 查询。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">如果命令参数是域名，命令会输出关联的 IP；如果命令参数是 IP，命令则会输出关联的域名。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># host www.sina.com</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># host IP Address</span>
<h2 id="hwhois" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">whois</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">whois 命令：用于输出指定站点的 whois 记录等信息。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">whois</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.github</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span></pre>
<h2 id="hnetstat" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">netstat</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">netstat 命令：用于显示网络接口的统计信息，包括打开的 socket 和 路由表。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">-p：可以显示打开的 socket 对应的程序。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># netstat -p</pre>
激活Internet连接 (w/o 服务器)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Local</span> Address Foreign Address State PID/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Program</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">name</span>
tcp <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> jacktian-<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">virtual</span>-ma:ssh <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1.124</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">44284</span> ESTABLISHED <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">4285</span>/sshd: root@pts
活跃的UNIX域套接字 (w/o 服务器)
Proto RefCnt Flags <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Type</span> State I-Node PID/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Program</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">name</span> 路径
unix <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2</span> [ ] 数据报 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">59572</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">4296</span>/systemd /run/user/<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span>/systemd/notify
unix <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2</span> [ ] 数据报 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">49351</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">3344</span>/systemd /run/user/<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1000</span>/systemd/notify
unix <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">3</span> [ ] 数据报 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">19222</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1</span>/init /run/systemd/notify
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">-s：显示所有端口的详细统计信息。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># netstat -s</span></pre>
Ip:
Forwarding: 2
30932 total packets received
2 with invalid headers
11 with invalid addresses
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
30911 incoming packets delivered
18611 requests sent out
22 outgoing packets dropped
Icmp:
5499 ICMP messages received
3 input ICMP message failed
ICMP接收历史
destination unreachable: 141
timeout <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">in</span> transit: 5354
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">echo</span> requests: 2
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">echo</span> replies: 2
7523 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP发出历史
destination unreachable: 145
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">echo</span> requests: 7376
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">echo</span> replies: 2
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">例如：结合各项参数，来进行查看 22 端口的信息。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># netstat -anpt | grep 22</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">tcp</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0.0.0.0:22</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0.0.0.0</span>: LISTEN <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">979</span>/sshd
tcp <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">36</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">192.168.1.142:22</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">192.168.1.124:44284</span> ESTABLISHED <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">4285</span>/sshd: root<span class="hljs-variable" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(98, 151, 85); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@pts</span>
tcp6 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> :::<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">22</span> ::: LISTEN <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">979</span>/sshd
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