1、WAF相關概念介紹:
(1)WAF簡介:
WAF:Web Appalication Firewall,Web應用防火牆,是一種工作在應用層的、通過一系列針對HTTP/HTTPS的安全策略爲Web應用提供安全防護的產品。
(2)WAF可以實現如下功能:
a、防止SQL注入、本地包含、部分溢出、Fuzzing測試、XSS等Web Attack;
b、防止SVN/備份之類的文件泄漏;
c、防止Apache Bench之類的壓測工具Attack;
d、屏蔽常見的Hacker掃描工具;
e、屏蔽異常的網絡請求;
f、屏蔽圖片附件類目錄的PHP執行權限;
g、防止Webshell上傳等。
2、安裝依賴軟件包:
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed gd-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel GeoIP-data git libuuid-devel libblkid-devel libudev-devel fuse-devel libedit-devel libatomic_ops-devel httpd-tools
3、編譯安裝OpenResty:
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
# mkdir -pv /usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/
# tar -xf openresty-1.15.8.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src
# cd /usr/src/openresty-1.15.8.2/
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/openresty --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-threads --with-file-aio --with-http_iconv_module --with-luajit --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_geoip_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-libatomic --http-log-path=/usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/access.log
# gmake && gmake install
4、配置環境變量,並啓動OpenResty:
# vim /etc/profile.d/openresty.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/openresty/bin:$PATH
# . /etc/profile.d/openresty.sh
# nginx -v
# nginx
# ss -tunlp | grep -w :80
5、測試Lua環境:
# vim /tmp/hello.lua --> print("Hello Lua")
# lua /tmp/hello.lua
# lua
6、測試OpenResty Lua模塊:
# cd /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf
# cp nginx.conf{,.bak}
# vim nginx.conf,在server配置段中新增如下location:
location /lua {
default_type text/html;
content_by_lua_block {
ngx.say("Hello Lua")
}
}
# nginx -t
# nginx -s reload
7、創建保存***日誌的目錄:
# mkdir -pv /usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/hack
8、下載解壓ngx_lua_waf模塊:
ngx_lua_waf:基於lua-nginx-module的Web應用防火牆,https://github.com/loveshell/ngx_lua_waf。
# tar -xf ngx_lua_waf-0.7.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf
# cd /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf
# mv ngx_lua_waf-0.7.2 waf
# chown -R nginx.nginx /usr/local/openresty
備註:waf目錄主要結構
(1)config.lua:配置文件;
(2)init.lua:規則函數;
(3)waf.lua:定義WAF檢測順序;
(4)wafconf:保存過濾規則的目錄,每條規則需換行或用|分割;
(5)wafconf/args:按照GET參數過濾(默認已開啓);
(6)wafconf/cookie:按照Cookie過濾;
(7)wafconf/post:按照POST請求過濾(默認已開啓);
(8)wafconf/url:按照GET請求URL過濾;
(9)wafconf/user-agent:按照User Agent過濾;
(10)wafconf/whiteurl:按照白名單中的URL做匹配,匹配到則不做過濾。
9、修改config.lua配置文件中waf規則目錄的路徑:
# vim /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/config.lua --> RulePath="/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/wafconf/"
備註:config.lua配置文件
指令 | 含義 |
RulePath="/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/wafconf/" | 規則存放目錄 |
attacklog="on" | 開啓日誌 |
logdir="/usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/hack/" | Log日誌目錄 |
UrlDeny="on" | 攔截URL訪問 |
Redirect="on" | 攔截後重定向 |
CookieMatch="on" | 攔截Cookie Attack |
postMatch="on" | 攔截Post Attack |
whiteModule="on" | 開啓URL白名單 |
black_fileExt={"php","jsp"} | 不允許上傳的文件後綴類型 |
ipWhitelist={"127.0.0.1"} | IP白名單,多個IP之間使用逗號分隔 |
ipBlocklist={"1.0.0.1"} | IP黑名單,多個IP之間使用逗號分隔 |
CCDeny="on" | 開啓攔截CC Attack(需要在nginx.conf的http配置段中新增代碼lua_shared_dict limit 10m;) |
CCrate="100/60" | 設置CC Attack頻率,單位爲秒 默認1分鐘同一個IP只能請求同一個地址100次 |
10、修改nginx.conf配置文件:
# vim /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf,在http配置段中新增如下代碼:
lua_package_path "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/?.lua";
lua_shared_dict limit 10m;
init_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/init.lua";
access_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/waf.lua";
# nginx -t
# nginx -s reload
11、測試WAF應用防火牆:
(1)模擬URL參數檢測:http://192.168.0.121/lua?id=../etc/shadow
(2)使用ab命令模擬CC Attack:# ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://192.168.0.121/lua
備註:ab命令選項
a、-n requests:執行的請求總數,默認爲1
b、-c concurrency:一次併發執行的請求數,默認爲1
(3)查看日誌:# tail -3 /usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/hack/localhost_2020-02-18_sec.log
192.168.0.121 [2020-02-18 00:47:49] "UA localhost/lua" "-" "ApacheBench/2.3" "(HTTrack|harvest|audit|dirbuster|pangolin|nmap|sqln|-scan|hydra|Parser|libwww|BBBike|sqlmap|w3af|owasp|Nikto|fimap|havij|PycURL|zmeu|BabyKrokodil|netsparker|httperf|bench| SF/)"