这里面的三个函数openlog， syslog， closelog是一套系统日志写入接口。另外那个vsyslog和syslog功能一样，只是参数格式不同。
通常，syslog守护进程读取三种格式的记录消息。此守护进程在启动时读一个配置文件。一般来说，其文件名为/etc/syslog.conf，该文件决定了不同种类的消息应送向何处。（linux就在/var/log/messages 如果是solaris 就在/var/adm/messages. 不准确，准确的还是看/etc/syslog.conf）例如，紧急消息可被送向系统管理员（若已登录），并在控制台上显示，而警告消息则可记录到一个文件中。该机制提供了syslog函数，其调用格式如下
#include <syslog.h>
void openlog (char*ident,int option ,int facility);
void syslog(int priority,char*format,……)
void closelog();
调用openlog是可选择的。如果不调用openlog，则在第一次调用syslog时，自动调用openlog。调用closelog也是可选择的，它只是关闭被用于与syslog守护进程通信的描述符。调用openlog 使我们可以指定一个ident，以后， 此ident 将被加至每则记录消息中。ident 一般是程序的名称（例如 ，cron ，ine 等）
程序的用法示例代码如下：
#include <syslog.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
openlog("MyMsgMARK", LOG_CONS | LOG_PID, 0);
syslog(LOG_DEBUG,
"This is a syslog test message generated by program '%s'\n",
argv[0]);
closelog();
return 0;
}编译生成可执行程序后，运行一次程序将向/var/log/message文件添加一行信息如下：
Feb 12 08:48:38 localhost MyMsgMARK[7085]: This is a syslog test message generated by program './a.out'
openlog及closelog函数说明
此函数原型如下：
void openlog(const char *ident, int option, int facility);
此函数用来打开一个到系统日志记录程序的连接，打开之后就可以用syslog或vsyslog函数向系统日志里添加信息了。而closelog函数就是用来关闭此连接的。
openlog的第一个参数ident将是一个标记，ident所表示的字符串将固定地加在每行日志的前面以标识这个日志，通常就写成当前程序的名称以作标记。第二个参数option是下列值取与运算的结果：LOG_CONS， LOG_NDELAY， LOG_NOWAIT， LOG_ODELAY， LOG_PERROR， LOG_PID，各值意义请参考man openlog手册：
LOG_CONS
Write directly to system console if there is an error while sending to system logger.
LOG_NDELAY
Open the connection immediately (normally, the connection is opened when the first message is logged).
LOG_NOWAIT
Don’t wait for child processes that may have been created while logging the message. (The GNU C library does not create a child process, so this option has no effect on Linux.)
LOG_ODELAY
The converse of LOG_NDELAY; opening of the connection is delayed until syslog() is called. (This is the default, and need not be specified.)
LOG_PERROR
(Not in SUSv3.) Print to stderr as well.
LOG_PID
Include PID with each message.
第三个参数facility指明记录日志的程序的类型。
The facility argument is used to specify what type of program is logging the message.
This lets the configuration file specify that messages from different facilities will be
handled differently.
LOG_AUTH security/authorization messages (DEPRECATED Use LOG_AUTHPRIV instead)
LOG_AUTHPRIV security/authorization messages (private)
LOG_CRON clock daemon (cron and at)
LOG_DAEMON system daemons without separate facility value
LOG_FTP ftp daemon
LOG_KERN kernel messages (these can't be generage from user processes)
LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7
reserved for local use
LOG_LPR line printer subsystem
LOG_MAIL mail subsystem
LOG_NEWS USENET news subsystem
LOG_SYSLOG messages generated internally by syslogd(8)
LOG_USER (default)
generic user-level messages
LOG_UUCP UUCP subsystem
syslog函数及参数
syslog函数用于把日志消息发给系统程序syslogd去记录，此函数原型是：
void syslog(int priority, const char *format, ...);
第一个参数是消息的紧急级别，第二个参数是消息的格式，之后是格式对应的参数。就是printf函数一样使用。
如果我们的程序要使用系统日志功能，只需要在程序启动时使用openlog函数来连接syslogd程序，后面随时用syslog函数写日志就行了。
level
This determines the importance of the message. The levels are, in order of decreasing
importance:
LOG_EMERG system is unusable
LOG_ALERT action must be taken immediately
LOG_CRIT critical conditions
LOG_ERR error conditions
LOG_WARNING warning conditions
LOG_NOTICE normal, but significant, condition
LOG_INFO informational message
LOG_DEBUG debug-level message
The function setlogmask(3) can be used to restrict logging to specified levels only.
NOTES
The argument ident in the call of openlog() is probably stored as-is. Thus, if the
string it points to is changed, syslog() may start prepending the changed string, and if
the string it points to ceases to exist, the results are undefined. Most portable is to
use a string constant.
Never pass a string with user-supplied data as a format, use the following instead:
syslog(priority, "%s", string);
SEE ALSO
logger(1), setlogmask(3), syslog.conf(5), syslogd(8)
vsyslog与syslog函数的功能是一样的。
#include <stdarg.h>
void vsyslog(int priority, const char *format, va_list ap);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
vsyslog(): _BSD_SOURCE
