QT實現右鍵快捷菜單

【轉自】:http://blog.csdn.net/rolland1989/article/details/5754575


QWidget及其子類都可有右鍵菜單,因爲QWidget有以下兩個與右鍵菜單有關的函數:

Qt::ContextMenuPolicy contextMenuPolicy () const

void setContextMenuPolicy ( Qt::ContextMenuPolicy policy )

Qt::ContextMenuPolicy 枚舉類型包括:Qt::DefaultContextMenu, Qt::NoContextMenu, Qt::PreventContextMenu, Qt::ActionsContextMenu, and Qt::CustomContextMenu。

使用方式如下:


1)默認是Qt::DefaultContextMenu。
它是利用右鍵菜單事件contextMenuEvent()來處理(which means the contextMenuEvent() handler is called)。就是要重寫contextMenuEvent( QContextMenuEvent * event )函數。

---->通過事件QContextMenuEvent完成 


2)使用Qt::CustomContextMenu。
它是發出QWidget::customContextMenuRequested信號,注重僅僅只是發信號,意味着要自己寫顯示右鍵菜單的slot。
這個信號是 QWidget唯一與右鍵菜單有關的信號(也是自有的唯一信號),同時也是很輕易被忽略的signal:

void customContextMenuRequested ( const QPoint & pos )

該信號的發出條件是:用戶請求contextMenu(常規就是鼠標右擊啦)且同時被擊的widget其contextMenuPolicy又是 Qt::CustomContextMenu。
注重:pos是該widget接收右鍵菜單事件的位置,一般是在該部件的座標系中。但是對於QAbstratScrollArea及其子類例外,是對應着其視口viewport()的座標系。如常用的QTableView、QHeaderView就是QAbstratScrollArea的子類。
因爲僅發信號,所以需自己寫顯示右鍵菜單的slot來響應。

---->通過信號槽完成 


例如一個表格(QTableView類型)表頭的顯示右鍵菜單槽:
datatable->horizontalHeader()->setContextMenuPolicy(Qt::CustomContextMenu);
connect(datatable->horizontalHeader(), SIGNAL(customContextMenuRequested(const QPoint&)), 
        this, SLOT(show_contextmenu(const QPoint&)));//this是datatable所在窗口
QMenu *cmenu = NULL;
show_contextmenu(const QPoint& pos)
{
    if(cmenu)//保證同時只存在一個menu,及時釋放內存
    {
        delete cmenu;
        cmenu = NULL;
    }
    QMenu cmenu = new QMenu(datatable->horizontalHeader());
    
    QAction *ascendSortAction = cmenu->addAction("升序");
    QAction *descendSortAction = cmenu->addAction("降序");
    QAction *filterAction = cmenu->addAction("過濾");
    QAction *reshowAction = cmenu->addAction("重載");
    
    connect(ascendSortAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(sort_ascend()));
    connect(descendSortAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(sort_descend()));
    connect(filterAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(show_filter_dlg()));
    connect(reshowAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(reshow_data()));
    
    cmenu->exec(QCursor::pos());//在當前鼠標位置顯示
    //cmenu->exec(pos)是在viewport顯示
}

也可先做好cmenu,好處是始終使用一個:
    QMenu cmenu = new QMenu(datatable->horizontalHeader());
    
    QAction *ascendSortAction = cmenu->addAction("升序");
    QAction *descendSortAction = cmenu->addAction("降序");
    QAction *filterAction = cmenu->addAction("過濾");
    QAction *reshowAction = cmenu->addAction("重載");
    
    connect(ascendSortAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(sort_ascend()));
    connect(descendSortAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(sort_descend()));
    connect(filterAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(show_filter_dlg()));
    connect(reshowAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(reshow_data()));
show_contextmenu(const QPoint& pos)
{
    if(cmenu)
    {
        cmenu->exec(QCursor::pos());
    }
}


3)使用 Qt::ActionsContextMenu。
把部件的所有 action即QWidget::actions()作爲context menu顯示出來。

---->通過setContextMenuPolicy(Qt::ActionsContextMenu完成 


還是上面的例子,要在表格(QTableView類型)表頭顯示右鍵菜單:
        QAction *ascendSortAction = new QAction("升序", this);
        QAction *descendSortAction = new QAction("降序", this);
        QAction *filterAction = new QAction("過濾", this);
        QAction *unfilterAction = new QAction("取消過濾", this);
    
        connect(ascendSortAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(sort_ascend()));
        connect(descendSortAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(sort_descend()));
        connect(filterAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(filter_table()));
        connect(unfilterAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(unfilter_table()));
    
        datatable->horizontalHeader()->addAction(ascendSortAction);
        datatable->horizontalHeader()->addAction(descendSortAction);
        datatable->horizontalHeader()->addAction(filterAction);
        datatable->horizontalHeader()->addAction(unfilterAction);
         
        datatable->horizontalHeader()->setContextMenuPolicy(Qt::ActionsContextMenu);

另外兩個就是不顯示context menu了:
Qt::NoContextMenu
    the widget does not feature a context menu, context menu handling is deferred to the widget's parent.
    
Qt::PreventContextMenu
    the widget does not feature a context menu, and in contrast to NoContextMenu, the handling is not deferred to the widget's parent. This means that all right mouse button events are guaranteed to be delivered to the widget itself through mousePressEvent(), and mouseReleaseEvent().

補充:
    使用Qt::ActionsContextMenu比較簡潔,但是假如需要根據當前菜單彈出的位置來定義不同菜單,或者像上個例子,在表格(QTableView類型)表頭顯示右鍵菜單時,我需要知道是哪一列表頭被點擊,從而在後來調用sort_ascend()排序函數時能夠根據不同列進行不同排序策略,那麼Qt::ActionsContextMenu就做不到了。
    這種需要捕捉彈出位置的情況只好用Qt::ActionsContextMenu了,customContextMenuRequested ( const QPoint & pos )信號返回點擊位置pos(在表頭視口座標系中位置),然後表頭即可調用logicalIndexAt(pos)函數得到被點擊section對應的 index即被點擊部分的列號,然後存下來可供後面action激活的排序槽使用。
show_contextmenu(const QPoint& pos)
{
    //get related column of headerview
    contextmenu_column = datatable->horizontalHeader()->logicalIndexAt(pos);

    //show contextmenu
    if(cmenu)
    {
        cmenu->exec(QCursor::pos());
    }
}


【END】

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