Android主題和樣式
【基於最新的Android4.4的源碼分析】
每家公司或者每個移動團隊無不想開發出一套自己的UI框架,融入自己的設計和特性,這必然會去修改android的ui。
所以,學習和理解android的UI設計是最基礎和非常有必要的。
android ui設計最重要的就是主題和樣式。
1、位置
在Android的frameworks/base/core/res/res/values目錄下有一下幾個文件:
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themes.xml themes_device_defaults.xml styles.xml styles_device_defaults.xml |
分別定義了各種系統Theme,Style。
2、主題Theme
主要關注themes.xml,themes_device_defaults.xml兩個文件。
themes.xml定義了android低版本的theme和Holo theme,themes_device_defaults.xml定義了DeviceDefault主題(繼承自Holo主題),實際上就是在Holo主題上定製主題(For廠商)。
系統如何去選擇默認的主題呢?
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/**frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/res/Resources.java*/ /** @hide */ public
static int selectDefaultTheme( int curTheme,
int targetSdkVersion) { return selectSystemTheme(curTheme, targetSdkVersion, com.android.internal.R.style.Theme, com.android.internal.R.style.Theme_Holo, com.android.internal.R.style.Theme_DeviceDefault); } /** @hide */ public
static int selectSystemTheme( int curTheme,
int targetSdkVersion, int orig,
int holo,
int deviceDefault) { if (curTheme !=
0 ) { return curTheme; } if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) { // < 11 return orig; } if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) { // < 14 return holo; } return deviceDefault; } |
當<11時,使用以前低版本主題;當>=11&&<14,使用Holo主題;>14的時候,使用DeviceDefault主題。
方便理解,下面把目前所有的版本號列出來,也順便溫習一下android的歷史:
3、系統主題Theme列表
系統默認大的主題是三種:Theme,Theme.Holo,Theme.DeviceDefault, 但是實際上在此基礎系統還定義了大量的派生主題,最典型的是對應的Light主題。
除此之外,還有很多,在此一一列出,打字太痛苦了,我貼出截圖:
瞭解android系統定義的主題之後,我們就可以根據實際情況在自己的應用中使用這些主題,但是如果想修改主題的某些內容,需要進一步深入。
4、詳解每個主題中定義item分類
一個完整的主題應該定義哪些內容呢,以Theme爲例,如下:
1)顏色
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<item name= "colorForeground" > @android :color/bright_foreground_dark</item> <item name= "colorForegroundInverse" > @android :color/bright_foreground_dark_inverse</item> <item name= "colorBackground" > @android :color/background_dark</item> <item name= "colorBackgroundCacheHint" >?android:attr/colorBackground</item> <item name= "colorPressedHighlight" > @color /legacy_pressed_highlight</item> <item name= "colorLongPressedHighlight" > @color /legacy_long_pressed_highlight</item> <item name= "colorFocusedHighlight" > @color /legacy_selected_highlight</item> <item name= "colorMultiSelectHighlight" > @color /legacy_selected_highlight</item> <item name= "colorActivatedHighlight" > @color /legacy_selected_highlight</item> |
2)字體
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<!-- Text styles --> <item name= "textAppearance" > @android :style/TextAppearance</item> <item name= "textAppearanceInverse" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Inverse</item> <item name= "textColorPrimary" > @android :color/primary_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorSecondary" > @android :color/secondary_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorTertiary" > @android :color/tertiary_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryInverse" > @android :color/primary_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorSecondaryInverse" > @android :color/secondary_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorTertiaryInverse" > @android :color/tertiary_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryDisableOnly" > @android :color/primary_text_dark_disable_only</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryInverseDisableOnly" > @android :color/primary_text_light_disable_only</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryNoDisable" > @android :color/primary_text_dark_nodisable</item> <item name= "textColorSecondaryNoDisable" > @android :color/secondary_text_dark_nodisable</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryInverseNoDisable" > @android :color/primary_text_light_nodisable</item> <item name= "textColorSecondaryInverseNoDisable" > @android :color/secondary_text_light_nodisable</item> <item name= "textColorHint" > @android :color/hint_foreground_dark</item> <item name= "textColorHintInverse" > @android :color/hint_foreground_light</item> <item name= "textColorSearchUrl" > @android :color/search_url_text</item> <item name= "textColorHighlight" > @android :color/highlighted_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorHighlightInverse" > @android :color/highlighted_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorLink" > @android :color/link_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorLinkInverse" > @android :color/link_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorAlertDialogListItem" > @android :color/primary_text_light_disable_only</item> <item name= "textAppearanceLarge" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Large</item> <item name= "textAppearanceMedium" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Medium</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSmall" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Small</item> <item name= "textAppearanceLargeInverse" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Large.Inverse</item> <item name= "textAppearanceMediumInverse" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Medium.Inverse</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSmallInverse" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Small.Inverse</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSearchResultTitle" > @android :style/TextAppearance.SearchResult.Title</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSearchResultSubtitle" > @android :style/TextAppearance.SearchResult.Subtitle</item> <item name= "textAppearanceEasyCorrectSuggestion" > @android :style/TextAppearance.EasyCorrectSuggestion</item> <item name= "textAppearanceMisspelledSuggestion" > @android :style/TextAppearance.MisspelledSuggestion</item> <item name= "textAppearanceAutoCorrectionSuggestion" > @android :style/TextAppearance.AutoCorrectionSuggestion</item> <item name= "textAppearanceButton" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Widget.Button</item> <item name= "editTextColor" > @android :color/primary_text_light</item> <item name= "editTextBackground" > @android :drawable/edit_text</item> <item name= "candidatesTextStyleSpans" > @android :string/candidates_style</item> <item name= "textCheckMark" > @android :drawable/indicator_check_mark_dark</item> <item name= "textCheckMarkInverse" > @android :drawable/indicator_check_mark_light</item> <item name= "textAppearanceLargePopupMenu" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Widget.PopupMenu.Large</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSmallPopupMenu" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Widget.PopupMenu.Small</item> |
3)按鈕
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<!-- Button styles --> <item name= "buttonStyle" > @android :style/Widget.Button</item> <item name= "buttonStyleSmall" > @android :style/Widget.Button.Small</item> <item name= "buttonStyleInset" > @android :style/Widget.Button.Inset</item> <item name= "buttonStyleToggle" > @android :style/Widget.Button.Toggle</item> <item name= "selectableItemBackground" > @android :drawable/item_background</item> <item name= "borderlessButtonStyle" >?android:attr/buttonStyle</item> <item name= "homeAsUpIndicator" > @android :drawable/ic_ab_back_holo_dark</item> |
4)List
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<!-- List attributes --> <item name= "listPreferredItemHeight" >64dip</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemHeightSmall" >?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemHeightLarge" >?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight</item> <item name= "dropdownListPreferredItemHeight" >?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight</item> <item name= "textAppearanceListItem" >?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge</item> <item name= "textAppearanceListItemSmall" >?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemPaddingLeft" >6dip</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemPaddingRight" >6dip</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemPaddingStart" >6dip</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemPaddingEnd" >6dip</item> |
5)Window
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<!-- Window attributes --> <item name= "windowBackground" > @android :drawable/screen_background_selector_dark</item> <item name= "windowFrame" > @null </item> <item name= "windowNoTitle" > false </item> <item name= "windowFullscreen" > false </item> <item name= "windowOverscan" > false </item> <item name= "windowIsFloating" > false </item> <item name= "windowContentOverlay" > @null </item> <item name= "windowShowWallpaper" > false </item> <item name= "windowTitleStyle" > @android :style/WindowTitle</item> <item name= "windowTitleSize" >25dip</item> <item name= "windowTitleBackgroundStyle" > @android :style/WindowTitleBackground</item> <item name= "android:windowAnimationStyle" > @android :style/Animation.Activity</item> <item name= "android:windowSoftInputMode" >stateUnspecified|adjustUnspecified</item> <item name= "windowActionBar" > false </item> <item name= "windowActionModeOverlay" > false </item> <item name= "windowCloseOnTouchOutside" > false </item> <item name= "windowTranslucentStatus" > false </item> <item name= "windowTranslucentNavigation" > false </item> |
6)Dialog
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<!-- Dialog attributes --> <item name= "dialogTheme" > @android :style/Theme.Dialog</item> <item name= "dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout" > @layout /dialog_title_icons</item> <item name= "dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout" > @layout /dialog_custom_title</item> <item name= "dialogTitleDecorLayout" > @layout /dialog_title</item> |
7)AlertDialog
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<!-- AlertDialog attributes --> <item name= "alertDialogTheme" > @android :style/Theme.Dialog.Alert</item> <item name= "alertDialogStyle" > @android :style/AlertDialog</item> <item name= "alertDialogCenterButtons" > true </item> <item name= "alertDialogIcon" > @android :drawable/ic_dialog_alert</item> |
8)Panel
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<!-- Panel attributes --> <item name= "panelBackground" > @android :drawable/menu_background</item> <item name= "panelFullBackground" > @android :drawable/menu_background_fill_parent_width</item> <!-- These three attributes do
not seems to be used by the framework. Declared public
though --> <item name= "panelColorBackground" ># 000 </item> <item name= "panelColorForeground" >?android:attr/textColorPrimary</item> <item name= "panelTextAppearance" >?android:attr/textAppearance</item> <item name= "panelMenuIsCompact" > false </item> <item name= "panelMenuListWidth" >296dip</item> |
9)滾動條(Scrollbar)
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<!-- Scrollbar attributes --> <item name= "scrollbarFadeDuration" > 250 </item> <item name= "scrollbarDefaultDelayBeforeFade" > 300 </item> <item name= "scrollbarSize" >10dip</item> <item name= "scrollbarThumbHorizontal" > @android :drawable/scrollbar_handle_horizontal</item> <item name= "scrollbarThumbVertical" > @android :drawable/scrollbar_handle_vertical</item> <item name= "scrollbarTrackHorizontal" > @null </item> <item name= "scrollbarTrackVertical" > @null </item> |
10)文字選中(Text selection)
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<!-- Text selection handle attributes --> <item name= "textSelectHandleLeft" > @android :drawable/text_select_handle_left</item> <item name= "textSelectHandleRight" > @android :drawable/text_select_handle_right</item> <item name= "textSelectHandle" > @android :drawable/text_select_handle_middle</item> <item name= "textSelectHandleWindowStyle" > @android :style/Widget.TextSelectHandle</item> <item name= "textEditPasteWindowLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_paste_window</item> <item name= "textEditNoPasteWindowLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_no_paste_window</item> <item name= "textEditSidePasteWindowLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_side_paste_window</item> <item name= "textEditSideNoPasteWindowLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_side_no_paste_window</item> <item name= "textSuggestionsWindowStyle" > @android :style/Widget.TextSuggestionsPopupWindow</item> <item name= "textEditSuggestionItemLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_suggestion_item</item> <item name= "textCursorDrawable" > @null </item> |
有點長,下篇繼續列舉,並深入分析具體style.