Netty入門一

關鍵字: Netty簡介,Netty實現通信的步驟,綁定多個端口,TCP粘包、拆包問題,DellmiterBasedFrameDecoder(自定義分隔符), FixedLengthFrameDecoder(定長)

代碼在 https://github.com/zhaikaishun/NettyTutorial 下的socketIO02


Netty簡介

Netty是一個高性能、異步事件驅動的NIO框架,它提供了對TCP、UDP和文件傳輸的支持,作爲一個異步NIO框架,Netty的所有IO操作都是異步非阻塞的,通過Future-Listener機制,用戶可以方便的主動獲取或者通過通知機制獲得IO操作結果。
作爲當前最流行的NIO框架,Netty在互聯網領域、大數據分佈式計算領域、遊戲行業、通信行業等獲得了廣泛的應用,一些業界著名的開源組件也基於Netty的NIO框架構建。

Netty架構組成
http://incdn1.b0.upaiyun.com/2015/04/28c8edde3d61a0411511d3b1866f0636.png
代碼在SocketIO_02

Netty實現通信的步驟

服務器端
1. 創建兩個的NIO線程組, 一個專門用於網絡事件處理(接受客戶端的連接),另一個則進行網絡通信讀寫

  1. 創建一個ServerBootstrap對象,配置Netty的一系列參數,例如接受傳出數據的緩存大小等等。

  2. 創建一個實際處理數據的類Channellnitializer,進行初始化的準備工作,比如設置傳出數據的字符集、格式、已經處理數據的接口

  3. 綁定端口,執行同步阻塞方法等待服務器端啓動即可。

第一個Netty的例子
Server端

public class Server {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1 創建線兩個程組 
        //一個是用於處理服務器端接收客戶端連接的
        //一個是進行網絡通信的(網絡讀寫的)
        EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        //2 創建輔助工具類,用於服務器通道的一系列配置
        ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
        b.group(pGroup, cGroup)     //綁定倆個線程組
        .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)      //指定NIO的模式
        .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)     //設置tcp緩衝區
        .option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 32*1024)   //設置發送緩衝大小
        .option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 32*1024)   //這是接收緩衝大小
        .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)   //保持連接
        .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                //3 在這裏配置具體數據接收方法的處理
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
            }
        });

        //4 進行綁定 
        ChannelFuture cf1 = b.bind(8765).sync();
        //ChannelFuture cf2 = b.bind(8764).sync();
        //5 等待關閉
        cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        //cf2.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
    }
}

ServerHandler

public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("server channel active... ");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
            ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
            byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
            buf.readBytes(req);
            String body = new String(req, "utf-8");
            System.out.println("Server :" + body );
            String response = "進行返回給客戶端的響應:" + body ;
            ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes()));
            //.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("讀完了");
        ctx.flush();
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable t)
            throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }

}

Client端

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
        b.group(group)
        .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
        .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
            }
        });

        ChannelFuture cf1 = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();
        //ChannelFuture cf2 = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8764).sync();
        //發送消息
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        cf1.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("777".getBytes()));
        cf1.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("666".getBytes()));
        //cf2.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("888".getBytes()));
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        cf1.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("888".getBytes()));
        //cf2.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("666".getBytes()));

        cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        //cf2.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        group.shutdownGracefully();
    }
}

ClientHandle

public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{


    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        try {
            ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;

            byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
            buf.readBytes(req);

            String body = new String(req, "utf-8");
            System.out.println("Client :" + body );
            String response = "收到服務器端的返回信息:" + body;
        } finally {
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }
}

先運行Server, 再運行Client
Server端輸出

server channel active... 
Server :777666
讀完了
Server :888
讀完了

Client端輸出

Client :進行返回給客戶端的響應:777666
Client :進行返回給客戶端的響應:888

例子解讀:
Server端是不停的監聽Client端的消息, Client和Server端的連接是不會停止的,如果想要在Client和Server之間通線後停止Client和Server端的連接,在ServerHandler的channelRead中加上addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE),然後在Client端添加cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync(); group.shutdownGracefully(); 就是Client也在異步的監聽,如果消息完成,就close掉連接
例如上面那個例子
ServerHandle處

ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes())).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE)  

Client處添加

cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync();
group.shutdownGracefully();

這樣的話,在Client端通信一次之後就斷開了,也就是Server只能收到777666的信息,888的信息是接收不到的。
注意: 這個異步關閉,一定要在Server端進行關閉,不要在Client端關閉。
如果不想關閉,想保持長連接,那就不加上面那一些代碼即可

綁定多個端口

例如上面那個例子,希望再加一個端口
Server端加上

ChannelFuture cf2 = b.bind(8764).sync();  
cf2.channel().closeFuture().sync();

Client端

ChannelFuture cf2 = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8764).sync();  
cf2.channel().closeFuture().sync();  

TCP粘包、拆包問題

熟悉tcp編程的可能知道,無論是服務端還是客戶端,當我們讀取或者發送數據的時候,都需要考慮TCP底層的粘包個拆包機制。
tcp是一個“流”協議,所謂流就是沒有界限的傳輸數據,在業務上,一個完整的包可能會被TCP分成多個包進行發送,也可能把多個小包封裝成一個大的數據包發送出去,這就是所謂的tcp粘包、拆包問題。
分析TCP粘包拆包問題的產生原因:
1. 應用程序write寫入的字節大於套接口緩衝區的大小
2. 進行mss大小的TCP分段
3. 以太網的payload大於MTU進行IP分片
粘包拆包問題,根據業界主流協議,有三種主要方案:
1. 消息定長,例如每個報文的大小固定200個字節,如果不夠,空位補空格
2. 在包尾部增加特殊字符進行分割,例如加回車等
3. 將消息分爲消息頭和消息體,在消息頭中包含表示消息總長度的字段,然後進行業務邏輯的處理。

TCP粘包拆包之分隔符類 DellmiterBasedFrameDecoder(自定義分隔符)

代碼在bhz.netty.ende1下
Server端

public class Server {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1 創建2個線程,一個是負責接收客戶端的連接。一個是負責進行數據傳輸的
        EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        //2 創建服務器輔助類
        ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
        b.group(pGroup, cGroup)
         .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 32*1024)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 32*1024)
         .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                //設置特殊分隔符
                ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$_".getBytes());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, buf));
                //設置字符串形式的解碼
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
            }
        });

        //4 綁定連接
        ChannelFuture cf = b.bind(8765).sync();

        //等待服務器監聽端口關閉
        cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        cGroup.shutdownGracefully();

    }

}

ServerHandle端

public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {


    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(" server channel active... ");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String request = (String)msg;
        System.out.println("Server :" + msg);
        String response = "服務器響應:" + msg + "$_";
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes()));
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable t) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }
}

Client端

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
        b.group(group)
         .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
         .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                //
                ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$_".getBytes());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, buf));
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
            }
        });

        ChannelFuture cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();

        cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("bbbb$_".getBytes()));
        cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("cccc$_".getBytes()));


        //等待客戶端端口關閉
        cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        group.shutdownGracefully();

    }
}

ClientHandle端

public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client channel active... ");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        try {
            String response = (String)msg;
            System.out.println("Client: " + response);
        } finally {
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }

}

先啓動Server端,再啓動Client端
Client端輸出

client channel active... 
Client: 服務器響應:bbbb
Client: 服務器響應:cccc

Server端輸出

server channel active... 
Server :bbbb
Server :cccc

TCP粘包拆包之FixedLengthFrameDecoder(定長)

和上面的代碼類似
Server端

public class Server {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1 創建2個線程,一個是負責接收客戶端的連接。一個是負責進行數據傳輸的
        EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        //2 創建服務器輔助類
        ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
        b.group(pGroup, cGroup)
         .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 32*1024)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 32*1024)
         .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                //設置定長字符串接收
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(5));
                //設置字符串形式的解碼
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
            }
        });

        //4 綁定連接
        ChannelFuture cf = b.bind(8765).sync();

        //等待服務器監聽端口關閉
        cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
    }
}

ServerHandler

public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {


    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(" server channel active... ");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String request = (String)msg;
        System.out.println("Server :" + msg);
        String response =  request ;
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes()));
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable t) throws Exception {

    }

}

Client

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
        b.group(group)
         .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
         .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(5));
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
            }
        });

        ChannelFuture cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();

        cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("aaaaabbbbb".getBytes()));
        cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("ccccccc".getBytes()));

        //等待客戶端端口關閉
        cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        group.shutdownGracefully();

    }
}

ClientHandler

public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client channel active... ");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String response = (String)msg;
        System.out.println("Client: " + response);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
    }

}

先運行Server端,再運行Client端
Client端輸出

client channel active... 
Client: aaaaa
Client: bbbbb
Client: ccccc

Server端輸出

 server channel active... 
Server :aaaaa
Server :bbbbb
Server :ccccc

可以看到,每次定長都是5個字符, 有兩個cc,由於不夠五個,導致丟掉了

自定義協議粘包拆包

使用消息頭和消息體, 暫未記錄筆記。 TODO zhaikaishun

特別感謝互聯網架構師白鶴翔老師,本文大多出自他的視頻講解。
筆者主要是記錄筆記,以便之後翻閱,正所謂好記性不如爛筆頭,爛筆頭不如雲筆記

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