客戶端/服務器網絡編程介紹 操作小記

代碼位置

https://github.com/duganlx/fopnp/tree/m/py3

獲取經度與維度

文件位置：fopnp/py3/chapter01/search1.py

from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim

if __name__ == '__main__':
    address = '207 N. Defiance St, Archbold, OH'
    user_agent = 'Foundations of Python Network Programming example search1.py'
    location = Nominatim(user_agent=user_agent).geocode(address)
    print(location.latitude, location.longitude)

運行效果：

41.523569244186 -84.3062166453488

從谷歌地理編碼API獲取一個JSON文檔

文件位置：fopnp/py3/chapter01/search2.py

import requests


def geocode(address):
    base = 'https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search'
    parameters = {'q': address, 'format': 'json'}
    user_agent = 'Foundations of Python Network Programming example search2.py'
    headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
    response = requests.get(base, params=parameters, headers=headers)
    reply = response.json()
    print(reply[0]['lat'], reply[0]['lon'])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    geocode('207 N. Defiance St, Archbold, OH')

運行效果

41.523569244186 -84.3062166453488

使用原始HTTP操作連接谷歌地圖

文件位置：fopnp/py3/chapter01/search3.py

import http.client
import json
from urllib.parse import quote_plus

base = '/search'


def geocode(address):
    path = '{}?q={}&format=json'.format(base, quote_plus(address))
    user_agent = b'Foundations of Python Network Programming example search3.py'
    headers = {b'User-Agent': user_agent}
    connection = http.client.HTTPSConnection('nominatim.openstreetmap.org')
    connection.request('GET', path, None, headers)
    rawreply = connection.getresponse().read()
    reply = json.loads(rawreply.decode('utf-8'))
    print(reply[0]['lat'], reply[0]['lon'])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    geocode('207 N. Defiance St, Archbold, OH')

運行效果

41.523569244186 -84.3062166453488

直接使用套接字與谷歌地圖通信

文件位置：fopnp/py3/chapter01/search4.py

import socket
import ssl
from urllib.parse import quote_plus

request_text = """\
GET /search?q={}&format=json HTTP/1.1\r\n\
Host: nominatim.openstreetmap.org\r\n\
User-Agent: Foundations of Python Network Programming example search4.py\r\n\
Connection: close\r\n\
\r\n\
"""


def geocode(address):
    unencrypted_sock = socket.socket()
    unencrypted_sock.connect(('nominatim.openstreetmap.org', 443))
    sock = ssl.wrap_socket(unencrypted_sock)
    request = request_text.format(quote_plus(address))
    sock.sendall(request.encode('ascii'))
    raw_reply = b''
    while True:
        more = sock.recv(4096)
        if not more:
            break
        raw_reply += more
    print(raw_reply.decode('utf-8'))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    geocode('207 N. Defiance St, Archbold, OH')

運行效果

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2014 22:50:21 GMT
Expires: Wed, 22 Oct 2014 22:50:21 GMT
Cache-Control: public, max-age=86400
Vary: Accept-Language
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Server: mafe
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Alternate-Protocol: 80:quic,p=0.01
Connection: close

{
   "results" : [
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "207",
               "short_name" : "207",
               "types" : [ "street_number" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "North Defiance Street",
               "short_name" : "N Defiance St",
               "types" : [ "route" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Archbold",
               "short_name" : "Archbold",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "German",
               "short_name" : "German",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_3", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Fulton County",
               "short_name" : "Fulton County",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_2", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Ohio",
               "short_name" : "OH",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "United States",
               "short_name" : "US",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "43502",
               "short_name" : "43502",
               "types" : [ "postal_code" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "207 North Defiance Street, Archbold, OH 43502, USA",
         "geometry" : {
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 41.521954,
               "lng" : -84.306691
            },
            "location_type" : "ROOFTOP",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 41.5233029802915,
                  "lng" : -84.3053420197085
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 41.5206050197085,
                  "lng" : -84.30803998029151
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "street_address" ]
      }
   ],
   "status" : "OK"
}

解碼輸入字節，編碼輸出字符

文件位置：fopnp/py3/chapter01/stringcodes.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Translating from the outside world of bytes to Unicode characters.
    input_bytes = b'\xff\xfe4\x001\x003\x00 \x00i\x00s\x00 \x00i\x00n\x00.\x00'
    input_characters = input_bytes.decode('utf-16')
    print(repr(input_characters))

    # Translating characters back into bytes before sending them.
    output_characters = 'We copy you down, Eagle.\n'
    output_bytes = output_characters.encode('utf-8')
    with open('eagle.txt', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(output_bytes)

運行效果

'413 is in.'

將主機名轉換爲IP地址

import socket

if __name__ == '__main__':
    hostname = 'www.baidu.com'
    addr = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
    print('The IP address of {} is {}'.format(hostname, addr))

運行效果

The IP address of www.baidu.com is 163.177.151.110