一.系統約定
軟件源代碼包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源碼包編譯安裝位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name
腳本以及維護程序存放位置 /usr/local/sbin
MySQL 數據庫位置 /var/lib/mysql
Apache 網站根目錄 /home/www/wwwroot
Apache 虛擬主機日誌根目錄 /home/www/logs
Apache 運行帳戶 www:www
二.系統環境部署及調整
1.檢查系統是否正常
# more /var/log/messages (檢查有無系統級錯誤信息)
# dmesg (檢查硬件設備是否有錯誤信息)
# ifconfig(檢查網卡設置是否正確)
# ping http://www.discuz.net/www.163.com (檢查網絡是否正常)
2.關閉不需要的服務
# ntsysv
以下僅列出需要啓動的服務,未列出的服務一律關閉:
atd
crond
irqbalance
microcode_ctl
network
sendmail
sshd
syslog
3.重新啓動系統
# init 6
4.配置 vim
# vi /root/.bashrc
在 alias mv='mv -i' 下面添加一行:alias vi='vim' 保存退出。
# echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
5.使用yum程序安裝所需軟件包(以下爲標準的RPM包名稱)
# yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel
6.定時校正服務器時鐘,定時與中國國家授時中心授時服務器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行:
*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44
7.源代碼編譯安裝所需包
(1) GD2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.libgd.org/releases/oldreleases/gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# tar xzvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.34
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install
(2) LibXML2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz
# tar xzvf libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz
# cd libxml2-2.6.29
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
(3) LibMcrypt
# cd /usr/local/src
#wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install
(4) Apache 日誌截斷程序
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# tar xzvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.6.2
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install
8.升級OpenSSL和OpenSSH
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# wget http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/openssh/portable/openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz
# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# cd openssl-0.9.8e
# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd ..
# tar xzvf openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-4.6p1
# ./configure /
"--prefix=/usr" /
"--with-pam" /
"--with-zlib" /
"--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" /
"--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" /
"--with-md5-passwords"
# make
# make install
(1)禁用 SSH V1 協議
找到:
#Protocol 2,1
改爲:
Protocol 2
(2)禁止root直接登錄
此處先建立一個普通系統用戶:
# useradd username
# passwd username
找到:
#PermitRootLogin yes
改爲:
PermitRootLogin no
(3)禁用服務器端GSSAPI
找到以下兩行,並將它們註釋:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
(4)禁用 DNS 名稱解析
找到:
#UseDNS yeas
改爲:
UseDNS no
(5)禁用客戶端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
找到:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
將這行註釋掉。
最後,確認修改正確後重新啓動 SSH 服務
# service sshd restart
# ssh -v
確認 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正確。
三、編譯安裝L.A.M.P環境
1. 下載軟件
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2
# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz
# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.2.3.tar.bz2
#wget http://downloads.phpchina.com/zend/optimizer/3.3.0/ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
2. 編譯安裝MySQL
# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.27
# ./configure /
"--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" /
"--localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql" / (注意:/var 分區是否適合?)
"--with-comment=Source" /
"--with-server-suffix=-Comsenz" /
"--with-mysqld-user=mysql" /
"--without-debug" /
"--with-big-tables" /
"--with-charset=" / (此處設置MySQL默認字符集)
"--with-collation= " / (此處設置MySQL校正字符集)
"--with-extra-charsets=all" /
"--with-pthread" /
"--enable-static" /
"--enable-thread-safe-client" /
"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" /
"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" /
"--enable-assembler" /
"--without-isam" /
"--without-innodb" /
"--without-ndb-debug"
# make
# make install
# useradd mysql
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root:mysql .
# chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql
# cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig –level 3 mysqld on
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
# bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password_for_root'
3. 編譯安裝Apache
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.4
# ./configure /
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" /
"--with-included-apr" /
"--enable-so" /
"--enable-deflate=shared" /
"--enable-expires=shared" /
"--enable-rewrite=shared" /
"--enable-static-support" /
"--disable-userdir"
# make
# make install
# echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >> /etc/rc.local
4. 編譯安裝PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.3.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.3
# ./configure /
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" /
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" /
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" /
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" /
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" /
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" /
"--with-jpeg-dir" /
"--with-png-dir" /
"--with-bz2" /
"--with-freetype-dir" /
"--with-iconv-dir" /
"--with-zlib-dir " /
"--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl" /
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" /
"--enable-soap" /
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" /
"--enable-memory-limit" /
"--enable-ftp" /
"--enable-mbstring" /
"--enable-exif" /
"--disable-ipv6" /
"--disable-cgi" /
"--disable-cli"
# make
# make install
# mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5. 安裝Zend Optimizer
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
# ./ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386/install.sh
安裝Zend Optimizer過程的最後不要選擇重啓Apache。
6. 整合Apache與PHP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到:
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在該行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到:
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
將該行改爲
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
</IfModule>
找到:
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的“#”號,取消註釋。
注意:以上 4 個擴展配置文件中的設置請按照相關原則進行合理配置!
修改完成後保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
7. 查看確認L.A.M.P環境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
在網站根目錄放置 phpinfo.php 腳本,檢查phpinfo中的各項信息是否正確。
#vi phpinfo.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
確認 PHP 能夠正常工作後,在 php.ini 中進行設置提升 PHP 安全性。
# vi /etc/php.ini
找到:
disable_functions =
設置爲:
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,error_log,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,leak,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
三、服務器安全性設置
1. 設置系統防火牆
# touch /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
將以下腳本命令(綠色部分)粘貼到 fw.sh 文件中。
#!/bin/bash
# Stop iptables service first
service iptables stop
# Load FTP Kernel modules
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
# Inital chains default policy
/sbin/iptables -F -t filter
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Enable Native Network Transfer
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# Accept Established Connections
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# ICMP Control
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT
# WWW Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# FTP Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# SSH Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
# echo '/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh' >> /etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh