computer network
Pysical layer
Switching
- circuit switching
- message switching
- packet switching
- datagram packet switching
- circuit switching
Nyquist’s theorem
H is Bandwidth, V is the number of signal levels
Shannon’s theorem
S/N is signal to noise ratio
network media Types
Data link layer
responsible for efficient and reliable communication across a physical layer
LLC: Logical Link Control
- provided to network layer
- link management
- error control
- send checksum together with data
- flow control
- stop and wait. poor link utilization
Protocols in which the sender sends one frame then waits for an ackonwledgement before processing are called stop-and wait.
- sliding window
purpose: to limit the maximum number of frames send by sender without waiting for acknowledgement. 1. stop and wait send window size= 1, receive window size= 1 2. go back n send window size> 1, receive window size= 1 the sender will retransmit the damage frame and all the frames that follow it 3. selective repeat send window size> 1, receive window size> 1 only the frames that are damaged are resent
- stop and wait. poor link utilization
- frame synchronization
- bit stuffing
- addressing
MAC: Media Access Control
- shared channel competition/access
allocated the broadcast channel to the one of the competing stations.
- Multiplexing
- FDM - TDM - WDM - STDM???
- CSMA/CD
calculate
- CSMA/CA Wireless
- Ethernet
Network Layer
the main function is routing packet from the sourcr machine to the destination machine.
store and forward Packet
Routing
- Shortest Path routing
By changing weight function, the algorithm will compute the shortest path.
- Flooding
ppt says little about this.
- Distant Vector Routing
Good news travels fast, bad news travels slow.
- Link state Routing
Each router need large memory to store the input states of the other routes
- Hierarchical Routing
Flow control
Congestion control
The purpose of the congestion control is to prevent the network from congestion.
InterNetworking
The IP protocol
- The IP dataframe
- IP Address
The address is extreme wasteful! 1. CIDR 2. NAT 3. IPv4 -> IPv6
- Subnets
Route Protocol
- AS
- IGP&EGP
- RIP
- BGP
Diffrence between repeater, hub, bridge, switch and getway