Struts2 Action的單元測試

對Struts2進行單元測試，以struts 2.2.1.1爲例 ，可以使用struts2發行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，它裏面提供了兩個類StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase，分別提供對純struts應用和struts+spring整合時的單元測試支持。下面分別說明。

1.StrutsTestCase

   首先準備一個純struts2工程，建立工程過程略，但有如下的類：

   Account.java,是bean

  

package model;

public class Account {
    private String userName;
    private String password;

    public Account() {
    }

    public Account(String userName, String password) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

   AccountAction.java

  

package action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import model.Account;

import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class AccountAction
extends ActionSupport{

    private Account accountBean;
    public String execute()
throws Exception {
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public void validate(){
        if (accountBean.getUserName().length()==0){
            addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required.");
        }

        if (accountBean.getUserName().length()<5){
            addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long.");
        }

        if (accountBean.getUserName().length()>10){
            addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long.");
        }
    }

    public Account getAccountBean() {
        return accountBean;
    }

    public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) {
        this.accountBean = accountBean;
    }
}

   測試類：

  TestAccountAction.java

  

package ut;

import action.AccountAction;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;

import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*;


public class TestAccountAction
extends StrutsTestCase {
    private AccountAction action;
    private ActionProxy proxy;

    private void init() {
        proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount");
//action url，可以寫擴展名".action"也可以乾脆不寫
        action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction();
    }

    public void testUserNameErrorMessage()
throws Exception {
        request.setParameter("accountBean.userName",
"Bruc");
        request.setParameter("accountBean.password",
"test");

        init();
        proxy.execute();

        assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present",
                action.getFieldErrors().size() == 
1);
        assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been",
                action.getFieldErrors().containsKey("accountBean.userName"));
    }

    public void testUserNameCorrect()
throws Exception{
        request.setParameter("accountBean.userName",
"Bruce");
        request.setParameter("accountBean.password",
"test");

        init();
        String result=proxy.execute();

        assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present",
                action.getFieldErrors().size()==0);

        assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.",
                "success", result);

    }
}

   測試邏輯比較簡單，action中的validate方法會保證用戶名長度在5－－9之間。

   定義struts.xml，放在類路徑的根目錄下，而非web-inf/classes下，否則會找不到，不會加載你定義的內容。

  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <package name="testit" namespace="/"
extends="struts-default">
        <action name="createaccount" 
class="action.AccountAction">
            <result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
            <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

   至於action/result的定義中用到的jsp頁面，不必真實存在，保持不爲空就行，否則，action測試的時候，會說result未定義之類的錯誤，因爲此測試會模擬action真實狀態下的運行。運行，一切OK。

   正因爲會模擬真實狀態下的運行，所以攔截器也會正常被觸發，下面再定義一個攔截器測試一下：

   MyInterceptor.java

  

package interceptor;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;

public class MyInterceptor
extends AbstractInterceptor{

    public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation)
throws Exception {
        System.out.println("before processing");
       String rst= actionInvocation.invoke();
        System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy().getMethod());
        return rst;
    }
}

  

   修改一下struts.xml,加入攔截器的定義：

   <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
       <interceptors>
            <interceptor name="testInterceptor" class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
        </interceptors>
        <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
            <result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
            <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
            <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
            <interceptor-ref name="testInterceptor"/>
        </action>
    </package>

   運行，控制檯會輸出：

   before processing

   bye bye execute

    使用的jar包如下圖：

  

   都是struts發行包提供的，其它不相關的jar不要加，尤其是以plugin.jar結尾的文件，更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，加了會加載相關的東西，但這裏卻提供不了，導致測試無法運行。實際spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必須的，但加了也無所謂，在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外，web.xml不需要配置，根本不會去這裏找配置信息。

  

2.StrutsSpringTestCase

  這個和前面的過程類似，需要的類分別如下。

  MathAction.java

 

package action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import service.MathService;

public class MathAction
extends ActionSupport{
    private MathService service;

    public String execute()
throws Exception {
        ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2));
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public MathService getService() {
        return service;
    }

    public void setService(MathService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }
}

  MathService.java

 

package service;

public class MathService {
    public int add(int a,int b){
        return a+b;
    }
}

  測試類TestMathAction，測試一下MathService.add是否能正確地返回兩個數相加的值。

 

import action.MathAction;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase;

public class TestMathAction 
extends StrutsSpringTestCase{
    private MathAction action;
    private ActionProxy proxy;

    protected String getContextLocations() {
        return "spring/applicationContext.xml";
    }

    private void init(){
        proxy=getActionProxy("/add");
        action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction();
    }
    public void testAdd()
throws Exception{
        init();
        proxy.execute();
        assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3);
    }
}

  這裏有一個小trick，默認情況下，applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目錄下，但如果項目需要不放在那裏，就要覆蓋getContextLocations方法返回其class path，開頭可以有也可以沒有“/”，這裏我放在包spring下，所以就返回spring/applicationContext.xml，至於struts和spring整合的配置就不用寫了，想必大家都會。需要的jar在上面的基礎上，加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar就行了，對了，兩種測試都需要jsp-api.jar和servlet-api.jar，去tomcat裏copy一份即可，junit.jar也是需要的（廢話？！）