/* 非法參數 */
throw new IllegalArgumentException("name cannot be null");
/* 非法狀態 */
throw new IllegalStateException("this file is already locked and cannot be changed");
/* 不支持的操作 */
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("can't manpulate the file");
空指針異常： NullPointerException
類找不到： ClassNotFoundException
越界異常：
IndexOutOfBoundsException
沒有訪問權限異常：
IllegalAccessException
