device_create詳解

在驅動程序中初始化入口函數中，向內核註冊一個設備後，往往要註冊一個類
例如
static int __init mydriver_init(void) //驅動程序的初始化
{  
   ……
    MYDRIVER_Major = register_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME, &mydriver_fops); //向內核註冊一個設備,返回值爲註冊的主設備號
    if (MYDRIVER_Major < 0)
    {
        printk(DEVICE_NAME " can't register major number\n");
        return MYDRIVER_Major;
    }
    ……
    mydriver_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEVICE_NAME); //註冊一個類，使mdev可以在"/dev/"目錄下 面建立設備節點
    ……
    //創建一個設備節點，節點名爲DEVICE_NAME
    device_create(mydriver_class, NULL, MKDEV(MYDRIVER_Major, 0), NULL, DEVICE_NAME);
    ……
}
從linux內核2.6的某個版本之後，devfs不復存在，udev成爲devfs的 替代。相比devfs，udev有很多優勢，在此就不羅嗦了，提醒一點，udev是應用層的東東，不要試圖在內核的配置選項裏找到它;加入對udev的支 持很簡單，以作者所寫的一個字符設備驅動爲例，在驅動初始化的代碼裏調用class_create爲該設備創建一個class，再爲每個設備調用 class_device_create創建對應的設備。大致用法如下：
struct class *myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, “my_device_driver”);
class_device_create(myclass, NULL, MKDEV(major_num, 0), NULL, “my_device”);
這樣的module被加載時，udev daemon就會自動在/dev下創建my_device設備文件。


class_create()
-------------------------------------------------
linux-2.6.22/include/linux/device.h
struct class *class_create(struct module *owner, const char *name)
    class_create - create a struct class structure
    @owner: pointer to the module that is to "own" this struct class
    @name: pointer to a string for the name of this class.
在/sys/class/下創建類目錄

class_device_create()
-------------------------------------------------
linux-2.6.22/include/linux/device.h
struct class_device *class_device_create(struct class        *cls,
                                         struct class_device *parent,
                                         dev_t               devt,
                                         struct device       *device,
                                         const char          *fmt, ...)

    class_device_create - creates a class device and registers it with sysfs
    @cls: pointer to the struct class that this device should be registered to.
    @parent: pointer to the parent struct class_device of this new device, if any.
    @devt: the dev_t for the char device to be added.
    @device: a pointer to a struct device that is assiociated with this class device.
    @fmt: string for the class device's name

 

對於沒有指定dev->parent的dev都將被添加到/sys/devices/virtual/tty/ 目錄下,如果指定了dev->parent,那麼同時該dev->class存在,同時parent->class存在,那麼該dev->name目錄將被添加到parent->class所在目錄下

****@*****:~$ ls -a /sys/class/tty/console
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2009-06-30 09:40 /sys/class/tty/console->../../devices/virtual/tty/console
****@*****:~$ ls -a/sys/devices/virtual/tty/console/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0K 2009-06-30 10:51 uevent
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 2009-06-30 10:51 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2009-06-30 10:57 subsystem-> ../../../../class/tty
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4.0K 2009-06-30 10:57 dev

來看看linux2.6.25內核源碼,是怎麼做得.

device_create(tty_class, NULL, MKDEV(TTYAUX_MAJOR, 1),"console");
==>device_register
==>device_add
==>setup_parent
==>get_device_parent
==>dev->kobj.parent= kobj("/sys/devices/virtual/tty");//所以所有的文件添加都將指向該目錄

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
static struct kobject *get_device_parent(struct device*dev,
                    struct device *parent)
{
    
    if (dev->class&& (!parent || parent->class!= dev->class))
        return &dev->class->subsys.kobj;
    
    else if (parent)
        return &parent->kobj;

    return NULL;
}
#else
static struct kobject*get_device_parent(struct device *dev,
                    struct device *parent)
{
    int retval;

    if (dev->class){
        struct kobject *kobj = NULL;
        struct kobject *parent_kobj;
        struct kobject *k;

        
        if (parent== NULL)
            parent_kobj= virtual_device_parent(dev);// 獲取/sys/devices/virtual目錄對應的kobj
        else if(parent->class)
            return&parent->kobj;
        else
            parent_kobj= &parent->kobj;

        
        spin_lock(&dev->class->class_dirs.list_lock); // class->class_dirs本身就是一個kset
       
        // 如果該kset的list鏈表上沒有掛接到/sys/devices/virtual目錄上的son,那麼說明該class_dirs還沒有在
        // /sys/devices/virtual目錄下創建,所以就需要創建該class名對應的目錄
        list_for_each_entry(k,&dev->class->class_dirs.list, entry)
            if(k->parent == parent_kobj){
                kobj= kobject_get(k);
                break;
            }
        spin_unlock(&dev->class->class_dirs.list_lock);
        if (kobj)
            return kobj;
        // 創建/sys/devices/virtual/tty這個tty_class對應的目錄
        
        k = kobject_create();
        if (!k)
            returnNULL;
        k->kset= &dev->class->class_dirs;

// 名在/sys/devices/virtual/目錄下創建以tty_class的name爲目錄名的目錄[luther.gliethttp]

        retval = kobject_add(k, parent_kobj,"%s", dev->class->name);// 將kobj添加到parent_kobj對應目錄下
        if (retval< 0) {
            kobject_put(k);
            returnNULL;
        }
        
        return k;
    }
    if (parent)
        return &parent->kobj;
    return NULL;
}
#endif